Moving Cautiously Away From Neutrality

1
Moving Cautiously Away From Neutrality

• 1939, FDR persuades Congress to pass
  ______________ provision
• Argues it will help France, Britain defeat
  Hitler, keep U.S. out of war.
• 1940 FDR tries to provide Britain all _______
  short of _______
• Germany, Japan, Italy sign _______________ Pact,
  mutual defense treaty
• Became known as ____________________
• Pact aimed at keeping U.S. out of war by forcing
  fight on __________________.

2
The United States Musters Its Forces

• Nazi victories in 1940 lead to increased US
  __________________
• First peacetime ______________ enacted----
  Selective Training and Service Act
• Draftees to serve for 1 year in _______________
  hemisphere only.
• FDR breaks _______________ tradition, runs for
  reelection
• Republican Wendell __________________ has similar
  views on war
• FDR reelected with 55 of votes

3
The Lend-Lease Plan

• FDR tells nation if Britain falls, Axis powers
  free to ______________________.
• U.S. must become __________________________
• By late 1940, Britain has no more cash to buy US
  arms
• 1941 ____________________________ - US to lend or
  lease supplies for defense
• 1941, Hitler breaks pact with Stalin, invades
  ________________
• Roosevelt sends lend-lease supplies to Soviet
  Union

4
German Wolf Packs

• Hitler deploys _______________________ to attack
  supply convoys
• ________________-groups of up to 40 submarines
  patrol North Atlantic
• Sink supply ships
• FDR allows navy to attack German U-boats in
  __________________

5
FDR Plans for War (2 slides)

• The Atlantic Charter
• FDRs proposal to extend the term of draftees
  passes House by __________________.
• FDR, Churchill issue ______________________-
  joint declaration of war aims
• Charter is basis of A Declaration of the
  ____________ ___________________ or Allies
• Allies- nations that fight Axis powers _________
  nations sign Declaration
• Germans fire on US ship FDR orders navy to shoot
  U-boats on _________________
• U-boat attacks lead Senate to repeal ban on
  arming _______________________gt

6
Japans Ambitions in the Pacific

• Hideki Tojo-chief of staff of army that invades
  China, ___________________
• Japan seizes French bases in _________________
  US cuts off _____________
• Japan needs oil from the U.S. or must take Dutch
  East Indies _____________________
• 1941 US breaks Japanese________________ learns
  Japan planning to _____________ US
• Peace talks with Japan last about ____________
• December 6, Japanese envoy instructed to reject
  all _________________________.

7
The Attack on Pearl Harbor

• December 7, 1941, Japanese attack Pearl Harbor
• ___________Americans killed ____________ wounded
• Over 300 aircraft, 21 ships ______________ or
  damaged
• ________________ approves FDRs request for
  declaration of war against Japan
• ________________________ declare war on US
• US ____________________ to fight in both
  Atlantic, Pacific Oceans

8
Selective Service and the GI

• After Pearl Harbor _______________ men volunteer
  for military service
• 10 million more drafted to meet needs of
  ________________ war.
• General George Marshall- Army Chief of Staff-
  calls for ___________________.
• Womens Auxiliary Army Corps (WAAC) women in
  _________________ positions
• Thousands enlist auxiliary dropped, get full
  US army ___________________

9
Recruiting and Discrimination

• _______________________ are denied basic
  citizenship rights
• Question whether they should fight for
  _____________ in other countries
• 300,000 ______________ Americans join armed
  forces
• __________________ African Americans serve live,
  work in _____________________ units
• 13,000 Chinese Americans and 33,000 Japanese
  Americans serve
• 25,000 Native Americans enlist

10
A Production Miracle

• The Industrial Response
• ______________convert from civilian to war
  production
• Shipyards, defense plants expand, new ones built
• Produce ships, arms rapidly
• Use _______________________ parts
• People work at record speeds

11
Labors Contribution

• Nearly 18 million workers in war industries 6
  million are _______________.
• Over 2 million minorities hired face strong
  ___________________ at first
• A Phillip Randolph, head of Brotherhood of
  Sleeping Car Porters (major union of African
  American rail workers)
• Organizes ___________ on DC FDR ______________
  forbids discrimination
• Office of Scientific Research and
  Development-technology, medice
• ____________________ develops ___________ bomb

12
Economic Controls

• ___________________________ (OPA) freezes
  prices, fights inflation,
• Higher _________________, purchase of war
  ____________ lower demand for scarce goods
• ______________________ (WPB) says which companies
  convert production
• Allocates _________ materials
• Organizes collection of ______________ materials
• ____________________- fixed allotments of goods
  needed by military