Enhance Classified Education and Cooperative Exchange

1
Enhance Classified Education and Cooperative
Exchange to Promote the Cultivation of Creative
Talents ---Thoughts about the Future Orientation
of Graduate Education
Prof. Zihe Rao President, MCAS Nankai
University Aug.26th, 2010
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Outline

• The orientation of graduate education must
  correspond with the trends and needs of social
  and economic development
• The acceleration of classified positioning is the
  basis and prerequisite of making clear the
  orientation of graduate education
• Service-centeredness and innovation-orientation
  are the overall trends of future graduate
  education
• The reinforcement of international exchange and
  cooperation is the important way to widen the
  orientation of graduate education
• 5. The consolidation of postdoctoral
  education is the important link to widen the
  graduate education of creative talents

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1. The orientation of graduate education must
correspond with the trends and needs of social
and economic development
The ever-enlarging scale of graduate
education in the past 30 years indicates the
vigorous needs for high-level talents and it
also manifests, to a certain extent, that the
orientation and standard of graduate education in
China during this period is basically in
accordance with the needs of social and economic
development.
4
quantity
Crossroad
Enterprises qualified high-level talents
difficult to be found
Universities graduates more and more difficult
to be employed
quality
5
The work in the structural reform units of
graduate education should be actively conducted,
the inherent initiative of both graduate students
and their supervisors should be positively
motivated, and the students creative spirit and
practical ability should be emphatically
cultivated.
Graduate education in our country has
achieved a lot due to reform and development in
the past 20-odd years. However, according to the
principle of cultivating creative talents, at
present the quality and level of graduate
education is far from satisfactory and thus a
structural reform in graduate education is called
for.
News spokesman of Ministry of Education 2006.9.25
In March, 2009, The Annual Joint Working
Conference of National Professional Degree
Education Guiding Committee was held in Beijing,
the very theme of which is to accelerate the
structural adjustment of graduate education by
cultivating more professional-oriented talents
and reducing the number and proportion of
academic-oriented talents. A notice issued by the
Ministry of Education regarding the enrollment of
master students in 2010 requires clearly that
each enrolling unit should cut down the number of
academic-oriented admissions by 5-10 on the
basis of that in 2009, and the consequent
vacancies are used for professional-oriented
admissions instead.
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The first batch of 17 universities engaged in
the structural reform of graduate education
approved by Ministry of Education (2007)
Peking University Harbin Institute of Technology
Tsinghua University Zhenjiang University
Fudan University Xian Jiaotong University
Shanghai Jiaotong University China Agricultural University
Tongji University Dalian University of Technology
University of Science and Technology of China Nanjing University
Wuhan University Sichuan University
Southeast University South China University of Technology
Sun Yat-sen University Nankai University(September, 2008)
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According to the guidance of Notice on
Further Implementation of Work Regarding the
Structural Reform of Graduate Education in Those
Units Concerned issued by the office of Ministry
of Education (Teaching and Researching Office,
2009, N0. 1), the contents of the structural
reform of graduate education mainly include
8
In March, 2008, Nankai University carried
out the classified graduate education in response
to the call from Ministry of Education. Being the
first to propose this concept of education,
Nankai University also issued forth a series of
documents such as Reform Measures in the Scheme
of Classified Education of Graduates, Nankai
Univeristy, and Provisional Plan for Graduate
Scholarship and Subsidies, Nankai University etc.

9
Classified education enabled our graduates
to be more qualified to meet social and market
needs and effectively enhanced the quality of our
graduates as well as the employment rate. Except
some majors, the employment rate in our
university maintained the level of 97 in recent
years.
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2. The acceleration of classified
positioning is the basis of making clear the
orientation of graduate education
Classified graduate education has been
attracting extensive attention. Western developed
countries like America since the very beginning
have divided graduate students into
academic-oriented type and professional-oriented
type, with the former mainly cultivated by
comprehensive schools of arts and sciences and
the latter by professional schools.
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Basic operational procedures of classified
graduate education in Nankai University
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3. Service-centeredness and innovation-orientation
are the overall trends of future graduate
education
J. S. Brubacher, one of the
famous higher education experts in America, holds
that there are three kinds of philosophical
thinking guiding the development of higher
education, namely, epistemological thinking with
the aim of exploring truth freely, political
thinking with the aim of serving the country, and
pragmatism philosophy characterized by the
rational combination of both epistemological
thinking and political thinking. The
future graduate education should on the one hand
serve the disciplinary development and knowledge
production and on the other serve the needs of
the country, the society, the market as well as
the individual graduate. Therefore, it embodies
none other than the service-centered pragmatism.
In order to serve better, the emphasis should be
shifted from the increase of number to the
upgrading of quality, which is the overall
transcendence and innovation of the current
graduate education system with its entire links.
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In view of the innovative practice of classified
education in our university as well as the trends
of social development, we hold that the basic
orientation and general framework of future
graduate education should be as follows
Overall innovation
Overall innovation
Service- centeredness
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In order guarantee the high quality of
graduate education, Nankai University has put
forward successively 10 reform measures since
2005

• adhering to the disciplinary structure and
  educational principle of quantity in compliance
  with quality and structure in service of needs
• stipulating that each supervisor can admit no
  more than two doctoral students each year
• refusing to admit those students with high scores
  and low abilities
• sticking to the unification of the generality of
  professional cultivation scheme and the
  specificity of individual cultivation plan
• improving educational quality by centering on the
  cultivation of creativity
• making clear that supervisor is just a kind of
  working post instead of rank symbol
• breaking the situation of zero-weeding-out of
  graduates by strictly implementing the academic
  standard and weeding-out system
• establishing the fund for producing excellent
  doctoral dissertations and the new academic star
  award for doctoral students
• exploring a new model of doctoral student
  cultivation through the integration of both
  masters level and doctoral level
• implementing classified graduate education.

17
Reforms in our university has attracted
extensive attention from domestic media for
coverage
transferred from Bulletin of Ministry of
Education, 2005 (207) by China Alumni
Association Nankai University Carries Out Nine
Measures to Upgrade the Quality of Graduate
Education
Great Expectations High-end Interview Classified
Education Nankais Step is the Earliest
---Interview with Professor Tong Jiadong, Vise
President of Nankai University and dean of Its
Graduate School
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4. The reinforcement of international exchange
and cooperation is the important way to widen
the orientation of graduate education
Great differences exist between Chinese and
western graduate education which are well
complement to each other
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Our country has a good tradition to learn
from the advanced experience of western
countries, and since the reform and opening-up
policy in 1978, there are increasingly more and
more people studying abroad,which contributes a
lot to the exchange and cooperation between
Chinese and western education.
Year Those studying abroad Those returned
1978 860 248
1980 2124 162
1985 4888 1424
1990 2950 1593
1995 20381 5750
2000 38989 9121
2001 83973 12243
2002 125179 17945
2003 117307 20152
2004 114682 24726
2005 118515 34987
2006 134000 42000
2007 144000 44000
2008 179800 69300
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The number of overseas students from abroad in
China also takes on a growing trend year by year

year Overseas students admitted Oversea students at school Overseas students graduated overseas students degree-awarded
2004 50603 64107 36454 3030
2005 60904 78323 44337 3791
2006 62612 82107 44566 4782
2007 66509 92491 46322 6071
2008 71294 106870 52745 7406
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Actively widening the scope of international
exchange and increase the number of programs
Major Measures to promote International
Exchange, Nankai University
Introducing world-renowned scholars in our
university through the national
wisdom-attracting program
Establishing international academic exchange fund
for doctoral students in Nankai University
Creating favorable conditions to attract overseas
students from abroad to study in Nankai
University.
Taking full advantage of the state-funded
overseas student program and widen the scope of
state-funded joint training
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Up to now, we have already established exchange
and cooperation with more than 100 universities
or international academic institutions in 25
countries or regions. At present, there are
more than 2300 overseas students from various
countries in our university, and the programs
involved have provided an important platform
for the graduates to participate in
international exchange and cooperation.
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5. The consolidation of postdoctoral education is
the important link to widen the graduate
education of creative talents

• The main force of research
• Homecentered on doctoral students
• Abroadcentered on postdoctoral students

• The type of postdoctoral students
• Homeout-of-job or in-job postdoctoral students
• Abroad employee-like postdoctoral associates
• or non-employee-like postdoctoral fellows

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Twenty-five years development of postdoctoral
education system in China (1985-2010)

• Achievements
• 413 postdoctoral mobile stations, 2148
  postdoctoral
• mobile research stations and 1642
  postdoctoral
• research working stations established up to
  now
• Annual admittance more than 8000, with 14000
  still
• working in stations and 40000 already
  graduated
• Seven of those postdoctoral members already
• selected as academician in China

Academician Ouyang Zhongcan from Chinese Academy
of Sciences

• Problems
• Misunderstanding of postdoctoral education
• (mixed with schooling and degree)
• Formalization of postdoctoral education
• (in principle in-job admittance is not
  allowed)
• Utilitarianism of postdoctoral education
• (mixed with various titles)

Academician Wen Lan from Peking University
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Conclusion The orientation of future
graduate education exhibits a kind of uncertainty
because it is influenced by quite a few
complicated factors in a specific period, such as
political, economic, cultural and demographic
etc, all of which may exert some influence on the
orientation of graduate education.
Since 2005, we have explored issues such as how
to upgrade the quality of graduate education, how
to better link up social needs and graduate
education and so on. The
following are specific measures taken during
these years.
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• (1) Through the strict application of
  supervisors post system, we have made clear the
  supervisors obligation and responsibility
• (2) we have established the new academic star
  award for doctoral students and the fund for
  producing excellent doctoral dissertations to
  encourage them to conduct creative research, and
  their creative ability is consequently enhanced
• (3) through the improvement of scholarship and
  subsidy standard, the graduates
• learning and research initiative has been
  effectively aroused
• (4) through the implementation of graduate
  weeding-out system, the traditional
• zero-weeding-out practice has been smashed
  and as a consequence, the quality
• of graduate education is greatly upgraded
• (5) through allowing graduate students to pursue
  further study trans-disciplinarily, their
  learning potentials have been better exploited
• (6) through classified graduate education, the
  dual needs of social development and disciplinary
  development have been optimally satisfied.
• It can be safely concluded that Nankai
  Universitys attempt at exploring the structure
  and orientation of graduate education is quite
  successful. Nonetheless, we are still facing a
  lot of challenges and difficulties which require
  further effort and exploration to tackle them.

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Well-known both home and abroad, Nankai
University is directly under the jurisdiction of
the Ministry of Education and it has been listed
as one of the 985 Project universities as well
as 211 Project universities. Due to its
renowned status, it has always been cared and
emphasized by the Party and state leaders.
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Nankai yesterday its origin
Nankai University was grown out of Nankai
School, privately established in 1904, and it was
formally established by famous patriotic
educationists Yan Xiu and Zhang Boling in order
to realize their ideal of saving the nation
through education. In addition, it was a
successful example of running a school by
collecting unofficial resources.
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Nankai yesterday witness of Olympics in the past
century

• In the history of Chinese Olympics in the past
  century, Nankai has always been very active. The
  history of Nankai University is engraved by its
  longing, inheriting and practicing of Olympic
  spirit.
• Zhang Bolin, the creator as well as the first
  president of Nankai University, once in a sports
  award-giving meeting, shouted that China should
  participate Olympics, which became Nankais first
  cry for Olympics.

Picture 1 on the right hand Zhang Boling at the
18th North China Sports Meeting Picture
2 on the right handZhang Boling kicking off for
the students football match
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Nankai yesterday two premiers and tens of
thousands of talents cultivated
Nankai, born from a family school in Tianjin
in 1898, is a world-renowned brand and Nankai
educational series are all famous schools in
China. Those personalities cultivated
by Nankai include 2 premiers, namely, Zhou Enlai
and Wen Jiabao, 1 vice premier, 4 NPC vice
chairpersons, 5 CPPCC vice chairpersons, and more
than 100 academicians. This nourishing glory is
called Nankai Phenomena.
Above Young Zhou Enlai and other members in
Awakening Association Deep affection I cherish
for Nankai --- Zhou Enlai Below Wen Jiabao and
Nankai students Nankai spirit lasts forever ---
Wen Jiabao
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Nankai yesterday three distinguished deans

• Zhu Guangya
• Academician of Chinese Academy of
  Sciences as well as Chinese Academy of
  Engineering, graduated from Physics Department,
  National Southwest Associated University, alumnus
  of Chongqing Nankai Middle School
• Wu dayou
• Distinguished physicist, honored
  as the father of Chinese physics, graduated from
  Nankai University, once a professor in National
  Southwest Associated University
• Zhou Guangzhao
• Academician of Chinese Academy of
  Sciences, renowned physicist, once vice chairman
  of the standing committee of NPC, president of
  Chinese Association of Science, alumnus of
  Chongqing Nankai Middle School

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Nankai yesterday luminaries cultivated
Zhou Enlai (first premier of PRC, admitted in
1919 by Nankai University)
Shiing-shen Chern ( father of differential
geometry, admitted in 1926 by Nankai University )
Wu Dayou (father of Chinese physics, admitted
in 1925 by Nankai University) Cao Yu (
father of Chinese modern drama, admitted in 1928
by Nankai University) Guo Yonghuai
(meritorious service for atomic bomb, hydrogen
bomb and artificial satellite, admitted in 1929
by Nankai University) Liu
Dongsheng (father of loess in China, admitted by
in 1937 by Nankai University)
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Nankai Middle School, Tianjin(1904)
Nankai University, Tianjin(1919)
Nankai Girls Middle School, Tianjin (1923)
Shuguang Middle School, Sichuan(1924)
Nankai Elementary School, Tianjin (1928)
Nankai Middle School, Chongqing(1936)
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Nankai yesterday North Star of Learning
Nankai University was first bombarded by the
aggressing Japanese army in 1937 due to its
resistant effort. Later it moved to the south and
established the National Southwest Associated
University with Peking University and Tsinghua
University which was honored as the North Star
of Learning, a miracle in Chinese education
history. Zhang Boling What was destroyed
was just Nankais substances, but Nankai spirit
will become even more vigorous because of the
frustration. Chiang Kai-shek Nankai has
sacrificed for China and as long as China exists,
Nankai will remain. Miao Du and other 55
left-wing writers sent a telegraph to Zhang
Boling and Nankai teachers and students,
denouncing the barbarity of Japanese army.
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Nankai yesterday rise in the century
1946, Nankai returned to Tianjin to start
anew as a state-run university 1952, Nankai
became a comprehensive university with both arts
and sciences 1994, Nankai was selected as one
of 211 Project universities 2000, Nankai
was selected as one of 985 Project
Universities With tremendous effort exerted
by Nankai people through several generations in
the past 90 years, Nankai University has
established its leading statues among
universities in China, and it has developed into
a comprehensive research-oriented university with
the widest span of disciplines.
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Nankai yesterday fortitude and prominence

• 2007, September, 13th witnessed the
  erection of the monument of National Southwest
  Associated University in the original form in
  Nankai University. The history of National
  Southwest Associated University has been
  simultaneously recorded in the respective history
  of each university. Rao Zihe, president of Nankai
  University, Gu Binglin, president of Qsinghua
  University and Xu Zhihong, president of Peking
  University, standing together before the
  monument, appreciated in retrospect that
  tragically stirring and glorious history in order
  to pass down the school motto of National
  Southwest Associated University (fortitude and
  prominence) and make the historical friendship
  between Nankai University, Qsinghua University
  and Peking University even closer in this new day
  and age just like what it was in National
  Southwest Associated University with a common
  purpose of making its largest possible
  contribution to the rejuvenation of China.

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Nankai today prosperity in both arts and sciences
National key disciplines
26 Provincial and municipal key
disciplines 48 Authorized primary
doctoral disciplines 16 Doctoral
Programs
118 Maters programs
214 Undergraduate
specialties
71 Postdoctoral mobile stations 18 In
the first Chinas Discipline Ranking conducted by
Ministry of Education between 2002 and 2004, all
of Nankais 16 disciplines participated ranked
top ten nationally. In the second round of
ranking results (part of them) released by
Ministry of Education, Nankais chemistry ranked
the first and its mathematics and business
administration ranked the third nationally.
38
Nankai University gives priority to the
construction of five major disciplines in
accordance with the principle of aiming for
extractive powerfulness with specific focuses.
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• taking full advantage of traditional
  disciplines of literature, history and philosophy
  
• Strengthening fundamental research in
  mathematics, physics and chemistry

• disciplines like economics, management and law
  actively participating in social and economic
  development

• promoting the development of disciplines like
  life science, medicine, pharmacy, new materials
  and new energy

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Nankai today distinguished teachers gathering
Small-scaled Nankai University has one of the
smallest faculty among Chinas prestigious
universities and among its 1998 full-time
teachers, there are

• 15 academicians in Chinese Academy of Sciences or
  Chinese Academy of Engineering
• 4 academicians of the Third World Academy of
  Sciences
• 10 members of the Subject Assessment Division
  Degree Appraisal Committee of the State Council
• 33 Yangtze River Scholars
  
• 27 recipients of National Outstanding Talents
  Foundation
• 17 teachers selected by national Millions of
  Talents Program
• 2 National Innovation Research Groups
  
• 2 National Wisdom-attracting Bases for
  Disciplinary Innovation in Universities
• 3 Yangtze Scholar Creative Teams

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Nankai Today distinguished talents attracting
In 2006, Nankai University selected for
employment deans of some specific colleges from
both home and abroad publicly. As business
flourishes with talents, school prospers with
them. Nankai University, abiding by the strategy
of talents lending power to school and
following the conventional practice of selecting
talents by prestigious universities in the world,
has been attracting talents in open arms
regardless of nationalities.
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Nankai Today distinguished talents attracting
On 15th, March, 2007, deans of 9 specific
colleges as well as a batch of outstanding
talents attracted both from home and abroad made
their appearance together in Shiing-shen
Building, and there they participated the solemn
appointing ceremony.
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Nankai today distinguished talents attracting

• Li Zhaoxing, a famous diplomat, and Lin
  Liyun, a famous translator, received their
  letters of appointment of Nankai University in
  September, 2007, respectively appointed as the
  dean of Zhou Enlai School of Government and of
  College of Foreign Languages with a four-year
  term.

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Nankai today excellent academic Results
Although the scale of science and engineering
of Nankai University is far smaller than that of
many other universities, Nankai University
received 10 national awards of science and
technology between 2001 and 2005 because of its
high input-output ratio. It also received 7
national second awards of natural science in
three successive years (the first award is
vacant), ranking first with a parallel among
universities in China. Various awards and
funds acquired by humanities also rank top four
in Chinas universities.
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Nankai today important base for research

• There are in Nankai
  University
• 16 national or municipal
  key labs or engineering centers,
• 6 key research bases for
  humanities and social sciences under Ministry of
  education,
• 7 innovation bases in
  philosophy and social sciences included in 985
  Project, and
• 4 science and technology
  innovation platforms included in 985 Project.
• For many years, papers published by
  Nankai University in the fields of chemistry and
  mathematics in international top journals have
  always ranked top three in Chinas universities.
  Report made by Ministry of science and technology
  and Chinese Academy of Sciences demonstrated that
  Nankai University had published SCI papers in the
  field of super-molecular chemistry ranked the
  forth in the world and the first in Asia.

Chart of SCI, EI papers published between 2000
and 2004
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Thank you! Nankai University AddNo.94
Wei Jin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin
P.R.CHINA 300071 Webwww.nankai.edu.c
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