PRESENTATION BY

1
PRESENTATION BY

• SHRI CHANDRA SHEKHAR PRASAD
• DIRECTOR GENERAL
• CENTRAL PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT
• ON
• QUALIFICATION OF CONTRACTOR,
• QUALITY CONTROL AND
• SUSTAINABILITY IN INFRASTRUCTURES

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QUALIFICATION OF CONTRACTORS

• Performance in creating an infrastructure
• An outcome of relentless effort made in procuring
  material of right type and of quality.
• Another important factor is workmanship.
• In turn the workmanship depends on the
  qualification of the man power behind the
  construction activity.
• There are other factors as well like
• time management
• financial management and
• technical management including machinery, TP
• coordination and team work amongst various
  disciplines involved in creating infrastructure
  and so on.

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• Engagement of a contractor without proper and
  adequate experience and qualifications normally
  fail to deliver the outputs in assigned cost
  time. There are other negative results in terms
  of
• Lack of quality
• Accuracy
• Wasteful time consuming efforts
• A contractor should have adequate and positive
  experience of execution of almost similar work.
• The quantum of experience is important as it
  indicates the capability of contractor of having
  executed a similar work with necessary and
  adequate machinery and TP, manpower of required
  capability and engineering make of mind.

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• There are three different methods of assessing
  qualification of contractors in practice in CPWD
• Pre-qualification
• Registered contractor who have been assigned
  different categories classes.
• Post-qualification

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• Pre-qualification
• Pre-qualification of contractor is done as per
  the set guidelines in the form of written
  documents and which are being followed uniformly
  through out CPWD. The guidelines are that-
• For works for which technical specification is
  finalized defined clearly in NIT, tenderers
  shall be required to submit the bids in two
  envelopes.
• Envelope -1 - Documents related to eligibility
  criteria.
• Envelope - 2 - Financial bid.
• Envelope-1 of all tenderers shall be opened
  first. Eligibility related documents shall be
  evaluated and parties qualified/disqualified by
  the competent authority.
• Envelop-2 Financial bid of qualified tenderers
  shall then be opened at notified time, date and
  place in presence of tenderers or their
  representative.

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• Registered contractors
• Different categories and classes of contractors
  according to their qualification -
• Civil Class I to V
• Civil Road Class I II
• Electrical Class I to IV
• Horticultural Class I to III
• Furniture Class I to IV
• Nursery Class I

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• The criterion for experience shall be
• The completion of requisite number of works of
  prescribed nature and magnitude during last 5
  years
• The works should have been executed in the same
  name and style in which the enlistment is sought
• Enlistment of an individual in corresponding
  category is possible based on his technical
  qualification in lieu of experience

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• The financial soundness shall be
• The Bankers Certificate or working capital
  certificate issued by the bankers of the
  contractor on the format prescribed in the rules
• Such certificate shall be issued by a scheduled
  bank
• The contractor shall have to pay
• A non-refundable processing fee along with
  application form
• The contractors of electrical category shall have
  to
• Produce valid electrical license from the
  competent authority in the name of the contractor

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• Post Qualification
• Works for which technical specification has not
  been finalized and the same is to be finalized on
  receipt of the details from the tenderers. The
  tenderers shall be required to submit the bids in
  three envelopes
• Envelope - 1 Documents related to eligibility
  criterion
• Envelope - 2 Technical bid
• Envelope - 3 financial bid
• Pre-bid conference in which the doubts of the
  intending tenderer shall be clarified besides
  discussions on any additional suggestions
  proposed by the tenderer

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e-Tendering

• e-Tendering in CPWD
• e-Tendering is mandatory for all categories of
  works irrespective of their cost
• e-Tendering platform to be used by CPWD Divisions
  has been decided to be hosted by M/s. ITI Ltd

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• M/s ITI Ltd. are to provide
• Logistic support including supply of
  documentation covering User Manual and Vendor
  Manual
• For the training of contractors
• Contractors interested in tendering in CPWD
  Divisions to get the digital signatures and
  needed training through M/s ITI Ltd

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QUALITY CONTROL

• Pre-requisites for Quality Control
• In built provision in the contract for a system
  of continuous check on quality by the field staff
  and the contractor for ensuring quality of work
• Availability of adequately manned and equipped
  agency for overseeing the quality aspects
• Periodical appraisal of quality and
• A system of feed back for effecting possible
  improvements

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• Quality Control Plan
• A Quality Control Plan has to be part of the
  tender documents. This shall indicate
• All the required tests to be done during the
  construction stage
• All the relevant and applicable codes
  specifications and standards as well as the
  acceptable criteria for each of the relevant
  items of work
• Materials used
• The processes employed

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• Methods Statement
• Applicable for works costing more than rupees 10
  crores
• Approval to be taken by Contractor from Competent
  Authority
• The construction procedure for important
  activities of construction are stated, checked,
  and approved.
• The Methods Statement should have a
• description of the item with elaborate procedure
  in steps to implement the same
• the specification of the material involved, their
  testing
• and acceptance criteria
• equipments to be used
• precautions to be taken
• mode of measurements etc

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• Quality Control set-up in CPWD
• Independent Quality Control set up which keeps a
  watch on the effectiveness/adequacy of quality
  control measures at site and also provides
  guidance to the field engineers comprises of the
  following
• QA Wings in each region under the Addl. Director
  General of the region
• Core Wing at the Directorate under the Chief
  Engineer (CSQ)

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• Organizational set-up of Quality Control Unit
• The implementation of Quality Control in the
  field require close co-operation among the three
  agencies
• Field Engineers
• the construction agency
• the Quality Control team at circle level
• Components for Quality Control
• Quality control on input material
• Quality Control on workmanship

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• Tests for Ensuring Quality of Work
• Quality of Brick Masonry
• For common burnt clay bricks, fly ash lime bricks
  etc. tests for
• Dimension
• Compressive strength
• Water absorption
• Efflorescence
• Common burnt clay bricks shall conform to
  IS-1077 and fly ash lime bricks shall conform to
  IS-12894
• Other checks on workmanship
• Adequate soaking of bricks
• Use of proper mortar
• Raking of joints and then fully filling with
  mortar
• Lines, levels, thickness and trueness of joints
  etc. in different masonry bonds
• Adequate curing

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• Quality of Stone/Masonry
• For stone masonry tests for
• Water absorption
• Transverse strength
• Resistance to wear
• Durability
• Other checks on workmanship
• Proper mortar
• Raking of joints
• Fully filling with mortar
• Lines, levels, thickness and trueness of joints
• Bushing in stones and
• Number of bond stones
• Height of individual stones as compared to width
  on face or the depth inwards
• Dressing of stones specially at jambs, corners
  sills and extent of use of spalls in joints

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• Quality of PCC RCC
• IS 456-2000 Code of Practice for Plain
  Reinforced Concrete is followed in regard to
  concrete mix proportion under specified procedure
• Minimum M-25 grade of concrete is used in all
  structural elements made with RCC both in load
  bearing and framed structure
• To control higher rate of carbonation in early
  ages of concrete water/binder ratio is kept as
  low as possible which is closely monitored during
  concrete manufacture

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• The components of structural concrete i.e.
  water, cement, fine coarse aggregate are
  monitored individually for their qualities
• Quality of water from each source
• tested before the commencement of work once in
  every three months subsequently for
• pH value
• limits of acidity
• limits of alkalinity
• percentage of solids
• Cement used in works is from reputed
  manufacturers and tested for
• physical test for fineness
• soundness
• setting time
• compressive strength and
• consistency of standard cement paste
• Sand (fine aggregate) is brought from approved
  source and tested for
• Field tests for Organic impurity and silt
  contents.
• Particle size distribution and
• Bulking of sand

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• Stone aggregate (coarse aggregate) is tested for
• Percentage of soft or deleterious material
• Particle size
• Organic impurities
• Surface moisture
• 10 fine value
• Specific gravity
• Bulk density
• Aggregate crushing strength and
• Impact value
• After the concrete is manufactured at site using
  the ingredients through batch mix plant, there is
  a control on its quality for workmanship through
  the following tests
• Slump test for workability
• Cube tests for compressive strength

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• Steel reinforcement is tested for
• Reinforcement to be used is Thermo Mechanically
  Treated bars for which physical chemical tests
  are carried out
• Form work (centering shuttering)
• Steel tubes with extension pieces for built up
  sections of approved steel for Centering
• Shuttering being used is of steel plates with
  sufficient stiffness
• Shapes, lines and dimensions with tolerances
  checked
• Checks on workmanship
• Compaction of concrete
• Placement of construction expansion joints
• Curing of concrete

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• Quality of Marbles Work
• Checked for any consignment for
• Same group
• Size and
• Finish
• Workmanship as regarding fixing of
• Gun metal cramps
• Copper pins
• Stone dowels in veneering work

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• Quality of Wood Work
• Timber is checked for
• moisture content
• species
• chemical treatment
• Flush doors are checked for
• End immersion test
• Knife test
• Adhesion test
• Workmanship as regards
• dimensions
• joinery work

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• Quality of Steel Work
• Tested for
• Tensile strength
• Bend test
• Flattening test

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• Quality of Flooring Work
• Terrazzo tiles are tested for
• Transverse Strength
• Water Absorption
• Abrasion
• Pressed ceramic tiles are tested for
• Dimensions
• Surface quality
• Physical property
• Chemical property
• Workmanship checked for flooring
• Joint filling
• Thickness of Joint
• Laying with adequate mortar (check for hollow
  sounding)
• Level of top surface

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• Quality of Road Work
• Ingredients for road work
• Asphalt Mastic, Bitumen, Bitumen-Cutback,
  Bitumen-Emulsion - tested for their grade and
  properties in accordance with IS-73
• Coarse Aggregate, Fine Aggregate, Binding
  Filler Material, Screening etc tests are
  performed on these materials to check their
  quality which are primarily in accordance with
  different IS Codes and IRC Standards in some
  specific cases

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• Different specialized items of work such as
  structural glazing, false ceiling etc all
  electrical works have got tests as laid down in
  relevant IS Codes. In a few cases tests are
  performed by manufacturer himself where there is
  no specific code applicable

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• Sustainability in Infrastructure
• Sustainable infrastructure - Infrastructure in
  harmony with the continuation of economy and
  environmental sustainability
• The majority of existing infrastructure has great
  impact on the environment and some of these
  facilities are not sustainable. There is an
  urgent need to implement strategic changes in the
  provision of infrastructure
• One way is to adopt the Green Growth, which is an
  approach to pursuing economic growth necessary
  for enhancing quality of life, while
  simultaneously minimizing pressure on the
  environments limited carrying capacity
• This should be done by improving eco-efficiency
  of infrastructure development or creating more
  value with fewer resources and less impact or
  doing more with less

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• The definition of the term Sustainable
  Infrastructure encompasses
• Infrastructure Renewal
• Long Term Economical Analysis of Infrastructure,
  e.g. Life Cycle Analysis, Ecological Foot
  Printing
• Modeling of land use and transportation for
  assessments of policies on emissions, energy use
  and reduce infrastructure costs
• The protection of existing infrastructure from
  environmental degradation, e.g. reservation of
  historical masonry buildings
• Material selection for sustainability quality,
  durability and energy conservation
• Making better use of so called waste water and
  materials
• The re-design of infrastructure in light of
  global climate change
• The remediation of environmentally damaged soils
  and water

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• The principles of sustainable development are
• Minimizing the use of non-renewable resources
• Minimizing impacts on the natural environment
• Protecting bio-diversity
• Using renewable resources in a sustainable manner

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• Eco-efficiency is achieved by the delivery of
  competitively prized goods and services that
  satisfy human needs and bring quality of life,
  while progressively reducing ecological impacts
  and resource intensity through out the life cycle
  to a level at least in line with the earths
  estimated carrying capacity

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• Infrastructural development plays an important
  role in determining environmental sustainability
  since it freezes consumption pattern for decades
  to come. For example, developing highways in
  preference to mass transit systems implies heavy
  future fossil fuel demand for personal mode for
  transport and continuous growth of green house
  gas emissions
• Need for greater integration of different
  development stages. Infrastructure development
  generally consists of several key stages
• Planning
• Design
• Construction
• Operation
• Re-cycling and disposal
• Sustainable infrastructure could be seen as
  designing and maintaining buildings, structures
  and other facilities with an eye towards the
  source conservation over the life of the
  infrastructure. It also means testing new
  materials and practice that leave lighter impacts
  on environment yet are effective

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• The rise in income in many cities has produced
  dramatic increase in
• Per capita car ownership
• Per capita waste generation
• Per capita levels of water use
• Energy consumption
• Sewerage and industrial waste
• Rapid and uncontrolled urbanization gt tremendous
  pressure on urban infrastructure gt requires its
  expansion gt greater pressure on the environment.
• Greater transport efficiency caused by rapid
  motorization in many countries gt higher
  efficiency in productive activities gt
  facilitating the development of industries and
  expanding national economies.
• Transportation problems today seems to relate
  more to having
• Too much rather than too little
• Too much traffic
• Too much pollution
• Too many accidents and
• Too much to maintain
• Car ownership, rail bus commuting and air
  travel all keep growing faster than the basic
  infrastructure to support them

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• Eco-deficiency varies with each transport mode.
  A comparative analysis of different modes of
  transport focuses on energy consumption and air
  pollution, especially of public and private
  transport. Public transport in general and rail
  in particular is more eco-efficient than private
  vehicle. Congestion and its assessment in the
  economic terms by different agencies and at
  different places have shown that congestion costs
  lead to significant losses in the gross domestic
  product of some cities.
• Other factors that have contributed to the
  growing congestion include the existence of
• Too many narrow
• Poorly maintained roads
• Piece meal road development
• Lack of road connectivity
• Oversupply of curbside kiosks and hawkers,
  resulting in spillover of pedestrians and
  activities in to streets
• In sufficient off-street parking lack of
  land-use controls resulting in poor location of
  many traffic generating developments
• Minimal enforcement of traffic rules which reduce
  vehicle speed and decrease road capacity

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• The measures and activities to improve
  eco-efficiencies in transport infrastructure may
  be guided by the following principles
• Increase the use of public transit
• Encourage walking, cycling an other non-motorized
  transportation mode
• Restrict the use of automobiles
• Develop land use plans that minimized the need
  for travel
• Depending on economic and geographical
  conditions, planners may also consider investing
  in new rail lines, bus systems and the
  development of methodologies to estimate traffic
  congestion costs that include environmental and
  social aspects

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• The construction of large dams, highways land
  reclamation not only displaces communities but
  also endangers species that are endemic in the
  construction area. Building a dam for flood
  control and hydro power may provide significant
  economic benefits to the people in the community.
  However, constructing the dam would require
  extensive logging in the area and reservoir so
  created will most likely destroy natural
  habitats. Other possible threats of dam projects
  to public safety and environmental degradation
  include soil erosion, loss of wildlife, changes
  in the water table etc. Similarly while the
  completion of a highway in to rural areas would
  greatly increase the volume of trade in their
  areas while reducing transport costs but it does
  not come without a price on disturbance to the
  natural habitat as it requires input materials
  which are procured by mining, extensive logging
  and disturbance to natural drainage path besides
  a general interruption in the ecological balance
  of the area. The location, alignment and size of
  such infrastructure if decided after extensive
  survey of the topography ecology of the area
  and its in depth evaluation will enhance the
  sustainability.

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• Water, waste water and solid waste management
  infrastructure are environmental infrastructure
  which are characterized as high degree of public
  goods with intangible values and externalities.
  The development of technology and enhancement of
  public awareness can provide opportunity for
  improved efficiency, e.g. water saving, waste
  water reuse technology and community based
  management in solid waste reused and recycling

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• THANK YOU