Industrialization in the United States

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Industrialization in the United States

• The Rise of Industry in the United States
• (1860s-1900s)

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The Rise of Industry

• After the Civil War (1865) the U.S. economy was
  based on agriculture
• By 1920, the U.S. was the leading industrial
  power in the world!
• Enormous growth was due to 3 factors
• Natural Resources
• New Inventions, Technology
• Support from the GOVT

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An Abundance of Natural Resources

• MAIN IDEA Natural resources and a large labor
  force allowed the United States to industrialize
  rapidly.

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What natural resources were abundant in the
United States?
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Why is it important that these resources were IN
the United Sates?
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Drake Discovers BLACK GOLD

• 1859, Edwin Drake used a steam engine to drill
  for crude oil (petroleum)
• This breakthrough started an oil boom in the
  Midwest and later Southwest
• At first the process was limited to transforming
  the oil into kerosene and throwing out the
  gasoline a by-product of the process

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Iron just wasnt cutting it

• Henry Bessemer started playing around with
  military technology
• Developed the Bessemer Process!

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BESSEMER STEEL PROCESS

• When you remove the carbon from iron, the result
  is a lighter, more flexible and rust resistant
  compound Steel!
• Bessemer process

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Importance of Bessemer

• Decreased cost
• Increased speed and ease of production
• Mass production
• Expanded the market for Steel
• Allowed for larger and more powerful machines

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NEW USES FOR STEEL

• The railroads, with thousands of miles of track,
  were the biggest customers for steel
• Barbed wire, farm equipment, bridge construction,
  and the first skyscrapers.

Brooklyn Bridge, 1888 1,595 ft.
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New Inventions and the Development of Technology

• MAIN IDEA New inventions spurred economic and
  industrial development.

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Edison, Westinghouse and ELECTRICITY
vs.
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THE TYPEWRITER

• Christopher Sholes invented the typewriter in
  1867
• His invention forever affected office work and
  paperwork
• WHO did it effect the most?
• 1870 _________ 5 of workforce
• 1910 ______40 of workforce

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THE TELEPHONE

• 1876, Alexander Graham Bell and Thomas Watson
  unveiled the telephone
• 1877, Bell Telephone Company American Telephone
  Telegraph Company (ATT)

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1. Free Enterprise Allowed for Massive Economic
   Growth

• MAIN IDEA Laissez-faire economics promoted
  industrialization and tariffs protected American
  companies from foreign competition.

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Laissez-faire Economics

• Following the Civil War, the government took a
  hands-off approach (for the most part) to
  business throughout the country.
• Laissez-faire
• There were barely any Economic regulations AND
  Social regulations (for the most part) on
  corporations throughout the country.
• Left to state governments

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Post-Civil War Economics
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Laissez-faire Economics and Protectionism

• On top of a Laissez-faire approach to the
  economy, the Republican dominated Federal
  Government practiced protectionism
• Morrill Tariff, 1861
• Are tariffs good or bad? Why? Explain.
• North v. South
• Republican v. Democrat