Isolation

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Isolation Exploration
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Encouraging Exploration

• Renaissance encouraged adventure curiosity
• Europeans seek greater wealth
• Looked for spices luxury goods
• Nutmeg
• Cinnamon
• Ginger
• Pepper
• Add spices to bland food
• Charged merchants high prices

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Encouraging Exploration

• Spread of Christianity
• Crusades (1096-1270) left hostility between
  Christians Muslims
• Christians wanted to continue the fight to
  convert non-Christians
• Bartolomeu Dias
• Portuguese explorer
• Serve God, His Majesty, to give light to those
  who were in darknessand to grow rich

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Technological Advances

• Newly designed ships for longer voyages
• Caravel
• Triangular sails
• Worked against the wind
• Astrolabe
• Brass ring with marked degrees
• Use the ring stars to mark distances from the
  equator
• Magnetic compass
• Invented by the Chinese

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Competition for Trade
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Portugal Leads the Way

• Prince Henry supported trade
• Helped conquer north African cities
• Saw the wealth that lay beyond Europe
• Portugal had trade ports in West Africa
• Traded goods for gold and ivory
• Portuguese sailors reach Asia (India)
• Captain Bartolomeu Dias (1487) sailed to the tip
  of Africa
• Storms blew the ships around the tip
• Tried to reach India but supplies were low
• 1498 Vasco da Gama reached the port of Calicut
  (India)
• 27,000 Miles

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Spain Competes with Portugal

• Spanish were jealous of Portuguese
• Christopher Columbus
• Believed he could reach India faster by sailing
  west
• Reached the Caribbean islands in October, 1492
• Spain believed they reached India first
• Upset Portugal and created competition

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Treaty of Tordesillas

• Spain Portugal prepared for war as competition
  grew
• Pope Alexander VI
• Met with both nations to calm behaviors
• Developed a Line of Demarcation
• A line directly down the center of the Atlantic
  Ocean
• All lands west of the line belonged to Spain
• All land east of the line belonged to Portugal
• The treaty showed agreement to obey the line

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New Trading Empires
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Trading in the Indian Ocean

• Da Gamas voyage opens sea trading with Asia
• Violence erupts
• Countries battle for possession of Asian ports
• Asian people battle new explorers

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Portugals Trading Empire

• Established circa 1500
• Built relationships throughout the Indian Ocean
  area
• Took control of spices from Muslim merchants
• Defeated Muslim Italian stronghold on Asian
  trade
• Gained control of Spice Islands
• Spice-rich lands outside the East Indies

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Portugal Trading

• Reached Japan in 1543
• Shipwrecked sailors washed ashore
• Portuguese merchants soon followed
• Asians were curious of newcomers
• Goods impact cultures
• Clocks
• Eyeglasses
• Tobacco
• Firearms
• Japanese change from using swords to muskets
  cannons
• Allowed for the building of forts
• Small towns built outside of forts

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Dutch Trading Cultural Impact
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Dutch Take Over

• Portuguese driven out of East Indies
• Dutch trading takes over
• People of the Netherlands
• Became sea trading power by 1600
• 20,000 Ships for trading
• Dutch East India Trading Company
• Established in Asia
• Mint Money
• Make trade treaties
• Protected by their own army
• Dominated England Portugal trading

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Dutch Grow Trade

• Capture Spice Islands in 1619
• Amsterdam becomes a leading commercial center by
  1600s
• Dutch controlled much of Asia Cape of Good Hope
• Located in South Africa

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Impact on Asian Culture

• Effects of European trade was limited
• Asians worked to limit influence of new trade
• China Japan tried to maintain their culture
• Christian Missionaries
• 1549 Christian missionaries arrive in Japan
• Japanese associate missionaries with muskets
  other goods they wanted
• 300,000 Japanese converted to Christianity by
  1600
• Japan worked for almost 40 years to rid Japan of
  Christians

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Impact (Cont)

• Closed country policy
• Persecution of Christians led to closed door
  policy
• Did not agree with European ideas
• Did like their technology
• Shoguns sealed the country by 1639
• Closed country policy

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The Ming Dynasty
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Ming Dynasty Background

• Dynasty existed 1368 1644 A.D.
• Ming Dynasty in power when Portugal arrived in
  China (1514)
• Group of overlords who ruled China
• Helped protect southeast Asian countries
• Demanded payments for recognition of dominance
• Mings wanted peace prosperity in China

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Hongwu (Rise of the Ming)

• Commanded the army to defeat the Mongol rulers
• Became the first Emperor of the Ming Dynasty
• Promoted power prosperity in the region
• Encouraged Confucian moral standards
• Opposite of Christian missionaries

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Hongwu (Cont)

• Agricultural changes
• Improved rice production
• Improved irrigation
• Introduced fish farming
• Introduced commercial farming
• Cotton
• Sugar Cane
• Created a merit-based service system
• Became a ruthless tyrant paranoid of takeovers

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Yonglo

• Yonglo became Emperor in 1398
• Son of Hongwu
• Extreme interests in the world outside of China

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China Explores
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Chinas Expeditions

• Led by Zheng He
• Friend of Yonglo
• Huge Expeditions
• Large fleets to far lands
• 40 300 Ships per expedition
• Focused on East Africa
• Arrived in foreign ports with thousands of men
• Gave people gifts to show superiority
• Scented oils
• Gold
• Silver
• Silk

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Impact of Explorations

• Chinas economy does not grow
• Economy based on agriculture not industry
• Christian missionaries take focus off of
  Confucian teachings

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Daily Life

• Farmers put emphasis on growth of rice crops
• Collected from the Americas
• Role of Women
• Sons over daughters
• Sons raise family under parents roof
• Ensured support for family elders
• Females not valued
• Sometimes killed
• Men dominate household
• Women help run the house
• Had outside jobs occasionally

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The Qing Dynasty

• Pronounced Ching

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Mings Lose Power

• Ming Dynasty weakens after 200 years
• Ineffective rulers
• Corrupt government leaders
• No government money
• Manchuria invades China
• Manchurians take over in 1644
• Qing Dynasty lasted 260 years
• Grew China
• Taiwan
• Chinese Central Asia
• Mongolia
• Tibet

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Qing Dynasty

• Manchurian rulers faced resistance during reign
• Not traditionally Chinese
• Qing Changes for Chinese
• Men wear hair in pigtail as sign of submission
• Qings accepted by showing Confucian beliefs
• Reduced government expenses lowered taxes

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Qings Isolate Asia

• Traders had to follow special rules
• Trade only at certain ports
• Pay tribute
• Taxes to trade given to government
• Dutch traders were successful in following rules
• Become large shippers of tea to Europe
• 80 of cargo
• Great Britain did not follow rules
• Were forbidden to trade
• China becomes big brother to Korea
• SIGNIFICANT TO LATER WARS

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Cultural Developments

• China becomes conservative and refuses change
  from outsiders
• Closed country ideas
• Large family structure is important
• Major growth in population
• Focused on arts
• Creation of ceramics porcelain