History

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History

• Antoni van Leeuwenhoek
• Dutch Cloth Inspector
• 1684

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• wee animalcules
• Reported to the Royal Academy of Science

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Louis Pasteur
- 1822- 1895 French Chemist Chance Favors
the Prepared Mind - Spontaneous Generation 1864
Swan-necked Flask Ignored Spores
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1. Tyndall box
John Tyndall - Helped Pasteur Twice
Air
2. Tyndallization Method to sterilize heat
sensitive materials Boil Incubate Boil
Incubate Boil Sterile
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Germ theory

• Pasteur Wine disease

Lady Montagu
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Lady Montagu , 1718 Introduced variolation to
England
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Edward Jenner 1798 Smallpox vaccination
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Ignaz Semmelweis, 1850 Asked Doctors to
wash hands between patients
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Robert Lister ,1867 Introduced antiseptics
to hospital
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• Robert Koch
• Anthrax
• Kochs postulates

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Kochs Postulates

• 1. Suspected pathogen always present in diseased
  animal
• 2. Isolated microorganism in pure culture
• 3. Re-inoculate healthy organism with pure
  culture and cause disease
• 4. Re-isolate the pathogen in pure culture
• Began the Concept of Guinea Pig?
• Lead to Discovery of the Cause of Tuberculosis

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Chicken Cholera

• Pasteur at his best?
• Attempted Kochs postulates
• Used old (attenuated) cultures
• Re-inoculates Chicken
• Protective Vaccine

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Pasteurs Chicken Cholera Experiment
2nd Experiment
1st Experiment
Fresh Culture
Old Culture
Attenuated
Virulent
Vaccinated
Healthy Chickens
Live Chicken
Dead Chickens
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Rabies Vaccine

• Charles Chamberlain
• Filterable Viruses
• Farmers Cure?
• Dried Spinal Tissue
• Attenuated Virus?
• Joseph Meister
• First Rabies Vaccine

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Antimicrobial Agents

• Paul Ehrlich Agent
  606
• Domagk - Prontosil
• Alexander Fleming 1929 - Penicillin

Alexander Fleming
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Selman Waksman, 1942 Streptomycin Rutgers's
Waksman Institute
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Modern Molecular Microbiology

• WatsonCrick 1953

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Kohler Milstein 1979 - Monoclonal Antibodies
George Kohler
Cesar Milstein
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Boyer Cohen1975 - Recombinant DNA
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Woese Fox Archaea 1977
Carl Woese
George Fox
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Stanley Pruisner 1981 Prions
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Genomics

• Kary Mullis 1988
• Polymerase Chain Reaction
• PCR DNA copying

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• Craig Ventor Hamilton Smith 1995
• Bacterial Genome
• Human Genome 2000?

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Ed Delong
Marine Archaea Proteorhodopsin SAR
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Metagenomics Craig Ventor
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Microbiology Timeline
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History Word List
Antonio van Semmelweis Attenuation
Leeuwenhoek Lister 1867 Chamberlain
1684 Robert Koch Viruses
Spontaneous Anthrax 1876 Alexander
Generation Kochs Fleming
1864 Postulates 1929
Louis Pasteur Tuberculosis Waksman
Germ Theory Chicken Watson
Lady Montagu Cholera Crick 1953
Jenner 1798 Vaccine 1975
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Word list 2
George Kohler Cesar Milstein, 1979 Monoclonal
Antibodies Stanley Cohen  Herbert
Boyer Recombinant DNA Carl Woese George Fox,
1977 Archaea
Stanley Pruisner, 1981 Prions Kary Mullins,
1988 PCR Craig Ventor Hamilton
Smith, 1995 Human Genome Project 2000