THE MEANING OF INTEGRATION

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• THE MEANING OF INTEGRATION

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ICAM definition

• ICAM is continuous, proactive and adaptive
  process of resource management for
  environmentally sustainable development of
  coastal areas
• ICAM requires multidisciplinary approach, problem
  solving instead of problem transfer, stakeholder
  participation, as well as integration among
  sectors, institutions and administrative levels
• ICAM requires full understanding of interactions
  among coastal resources, their use, and impacts
  of the development on economy and the environment

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Unsustainable and sustainable approaches to
coastal resource use
Recognise Need for Sustainable Management
Evaluate Resources/Uses
Discovery
Death of System
Develop/Refine Management System
Monitor and Review
Exploitation
Decline
Implement System
Over harvest
Unsustainable Development Pattern
Sustainable Development Pattern
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Ecological footprints
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Sectoral issues
ICAM is not a substitute for existing sectoral
planning - it proposes linkages to achieve more
comprehensive goals Most important sectors in
coastal areas

• tourism
• water resources
• soil and agriculture
• aquaculture
• built heritage and urbanisation
• renewable sources of energy
• industry, etc.

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ICAM Stages
Initiation

• Planning
• preparatory phase
• analysis and forecasting
• formulation of goals and strategies
• integration of plans and management policies

• Implementation
• implementation of plans and policies
• monitoring and evaluation

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What is integration?

• The process of bringing together separate
  components as a functional whole that involves
  coordination of interventions

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Types of integration (1)

• integration of land-sea interface
• systemic the need to ensure that all important
  interactions and issues are taken into
  consideration
• functional interventions by management bodies
  must be harmonised with the coastal area
  management objectives and strategies
• policy coastal area management policies,
  strategies and plans have to be incorporated in
  the development policies, strategies and plans
• interdisciplinary integration
• integration of economic considerations

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Types of integration (2)

• vertical integration among institutions and
  administrative levels within the same sector
• horizontal integration among various sectors
  at the same administrative level
• planning among plans at various spatial levels,
  plans must not have conflicting objectives,
  strategies or planning proposals
• temporal co-ordination among short-, medium- and
  long-term plans and programmes

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Integration of land-sea interface

• area of intense activity
• area of interchange within and between physical,
  biological, social, cultural, economic etc.
  processes
• area composed of multiple and interacting systems
  (marine, terrestrial, riverine)
• ecologically sensitive area where changes on the
  coast generate chain reactions inland, and vice
  versa
• area which attracts population from inland areas

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Systemic integration conflicting uses of coastal
resources
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Policy integration (1)

• Natural and cultural heritage
• loss or decline of habitat
• disturbance of coastal ecosystems
• decline in fish/shellfish resources
• loss of treasured landscapes

• Physical character of the coastal area
• loss or decline of landscape value
• disruption of sediment transport
• decline in amenity resources (beaches, dunes,
  etc.)
• impacts on character of coastal towns

• Coastal area uses
• conflicts with rights of sea users
• incompatible uses need other locations
• pressure for services and facilities (e.g. car
  parks, moorings etc.)
• impacts on existing businesses and employment

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Policy integration (2)
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Integration of economic consideratiuons The
value of coastal areas

• value of coastal (marine and land) resources is
  based on products and services created and
  rendered
• products oil, gas, tourism, marine trade,
  shipping, shipbuilding, fisheries, minerals,
  submarine communications, etc.
• ecological services gas control (balance
  between carbon dioxide and oxygen, as well as
  ozone), disturbance control (storm protection,
  flood control), waste treatment (liquid waste),
  nutrient circulation (wetlands and marine
  ecosystems)

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Benefits
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Planning integration
Razina Planerska Plansko Geografski
obuhvatvlasti razina mjerilo
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Planning integration The case of aquaculture
National Strategy for Ecologically Sustainable
Developmentrequires aquaculture to be managed
within an ecologically sustainable framework
Regional Planrecognizes the aquaculture
potential and recommends aquaculture development
in the certain areas management objectives
Integrated Initiatives
Environmental Impact Assessment
Strategic Environmental Assessment
Aquaculture Licence
Local Aquaculture Development Planaims to
identify and develop areas for the ecological
sustainability of a commercially viable
aquaculture industry
National Aquaculture Strategygoals include
developing an ecologically sustainable industry
Aquaculture Specific Initiatives
Geographic Scales
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Vertical integration
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Why are we linking coastal areas and river basins?

• Coasts and river basins contain important natural
  environments that are used intensively by
  population
• Modification of river drainage basins by human
  activity has led to dramatic changes in the flow
  of water and nutrients they bring to the sea
• Pollution from land based activities affects the
  people living in fresh water basins even more
  dramatically than it does to the people living in
  coastal areas
• Marine eco-systems are harmed by careless land
  practices hundreds or even thousands of
  kilometres upstream

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Evolution of river basin and coastal management
approaches

• When management is sectoral

River basin management - Focus on water supply
but other functions must be recognised,
including tourism, nature conservation and
cultural values. Primarily resource oriented,
eventually rural land use regulation.
Coastal zone management - combines marine
resource management and land-use planning.
Physical planning and resource management with a
strong emphasis on land-use regulation and
physical interventions (project planning)
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• When management is a multi-sectoral activity

Based on a growing awareness of an intimate
connection between the river and its catchment
area. Integrated River Basin Management.
Multiple interests recognised in coastal areas.
Conflict resolution. Conservation and protection
of the coast. Integrated Coastal Area Management.
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• Integrated Coastal Area and River Basin
  Management (ICARM)

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Cetina River watershed and adjacent coastal area
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CCA as part of the ICAM process
Integrated Coastal Area Management
IntegratedPlan
Tourism DevelopmentPlan
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