Elements and the Atomic Structure of elements

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Elements and the Atomic Structure of elements

• Presented by
• Luke Bray

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Definition of Element

• A chemical element, or an element, is a material
  which cannot be broken down or changed into
  another substance using chemical means. Elements
  may be thought of as the basic chemical building
  blocks of matter. Depending on how much evidence
  you require to prove a new element has been
  created, there are 117 or 118 known elements.

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Definition of Atomic Structure

• The arrangement of the parts of an atom, which
  consists of a massive, positively charged nucleus
  surrounded by a cloud of electrons arranged in
  orbits describable in terms of quantum mechanics.

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Examples of Elements

• Copper
• Gold
• Hydrogen
• Nickel

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Facts

• Building blocks of all matter
• There are over 100 different elements discovered
  or created.

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Atomic Structure of Gold

• Name Gold
• Symbol Au
• Atomic Number 79
• Number of Protons/Electrons 79
• Number of Neutrons 118

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Atom Structure of Copper

• Name Copper
• Symbol Cu
• Atomic Number 29
• Number of Protons/Electrons 29
• Number of Neutrons 35

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Lewis Dot Diagram

• A chemical element is identified by the number of
  protons in its nucleus, and it must collect an
  equal number of electrons if it is to be
  electrically neutral. As electrons are added,
  they fill shells in an order determined by which
  configuration will give the lowest possible
  energy. The first shell can have only 2
  electrons. In the periodic table, the elements
  are placed in "periods" and arranged left to
  right in the order of filling of electrons in the
  outer shell.

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Lewis Dot Diagram
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Oxygen

• Contains 8 neutrons
• Contains 8 protons

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Hydrogen

• Contains 0 neutrons
• Contains 1 proton

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Atomic Structure

• With the advent of electricity and phenomenon of
  spectrum, experimentation underwent a change and
  a flurry of research in the structure of matter
  has put forth the modern concept of the structure
  of atom.

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Copper

• Copper just above its melting point keeps its
  pink luster color when enough light outshines the
  orange incandescence color.

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Gold

• The world's largest gold bar weighs 250 kg.

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Resources

• www.chem4kids.com
• www.chemicalelement.com
• www.chemistry.about.com
• www.answers.com
• www.hyperphysics.phy-astrigsu.edu
• www.micromountain.com

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Resources Cont.

• www.wikipedia.org
• www.tutorvista.com