Title: Sexual Coercion
1Sexual Coercion
2Types of Rape
- Stranger rape
- Acquaintance rape
- Date rape
- Statutory rape
3Prevalence of Rape
- 11.9-28 depending on study
- 1 in 6 women, 3 of men
- Underreported for many reasons
- Victims self-blame or denial
- Mistrust of police, legal system
- Fear of retaliation from rapist
- Concern about publicity
4Incidence of Rape by Sex of Victim
5False Beliefs About Rape
- Women cant be raped if they dont want to be
- Women say no when they mean yes
- Many women cry rape
- All women want to be raped
- Rapists are obviously mentally ill
- Men cant control their sexual urges
6Psychosocial Bases of Rape
- Rape frequency influenced by the nature of
relations between the sexes - Status of women
- Boys attitudes
- Rape-prone societies
- Societies with no rape
- Stereotyped gender roles
- Peer group acceptance
7Psychosocial Bases of RapeImpact of Media
- Heightens acceptance of sexual violence
- Heightens likelihood of coercive sex
- Physiologic findings inconsistent
8Characteristics of Rapists
- Embrace male-dominance
- Anger toward women
- Alcohol may contribute
- Self-centered less sensitive
- History of progressively more violent sexual
offenses
9Characteristics of Female Rape Victims
- 50 under age of 18
- Cultural differences in reporting
- Low SES may confer greater risk
- Victims of childhood sexual abuse at increased
risk for adult sexual revictimization
10Age Breakdown of Women Rape Victims
11Acquaintance RapeRole of Perceptions
Communication
- Sexual scripts
- Misinterpretations double messages
- Nonverbal communication
- Justification
12Date Rape Drugs
- Rohyphnol sedative causing muscle relaxation and
amnesia - Gamma hydroxybutyrate (GBH) and Ketamine
hydrocloride (Special K)
13Wartime Rape
- U.N. 1996 declaration crime of war
- Motivated by attempts to dominate, humiliate,
control - Destroy family societal bonds
- Terrorize population
14Aftermath of Rape
- Initial feelings of shame, anger, fear, guilt,
powerlessness - Self-blame
- Physical symptoms frequently occur
- Impaired sexual functioning
- PTSD distress developed after trauma
- Less severe repercussions if counseling begun
ASAP
15Aftermath of Rape
PLAY VIDEO
16Rape and Sexual Assault of Males
- Although vast majority of sexual assault victims
are women, men are also targets of rape - Men less likely than women to report rape
- Gay men, prison inmates, and prisoners of war
more likely to be raped
17Sexual Abuse of Children
- Child-sexual abuse adult sexual contact with a
child - Sexual contact with a child is always coercive
because children cannot give informed consent - Incest with a relative
- Pedophilia or molestation with a non-relative
18Sexual Abuse of Children
- Prevalence
- Girls 20-33
- Boys 9-16
- Brother-sister first cousin incest is most
common - Father-daughter reported more has greater
negative impact
19Sexual Abuse of ChildrenRecovered Memories
- Many abuse victims do not remember documented
abuse - Controversy Are memories planted by therapists?
20Sexual Abuse of ChildrenPedophiles in Cyberspace
- Internet provides increased opportunities to take
advantage of children - First gain childs trust then try and arrange
meeting - Communications Decency Act, 1996
- Prevention
21Effects of Child Sexual Abuse
- Often affects intimate adult relations
- Intrusive, violent assaults of longer duration
associated with worse outcome - Sex difference
- Variety of treatment programs
22Preventing Child Sexual Abuse
- Treatment programs for offenders have not
demonstrated long term effectiveness - Megans Law
- Early education for boys girls
23Sexual Harassment
- Unwanted sexual attention in the workplace or
academic setting - Very common 42 women 15 men
- Prohibited by Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights
Act - Two types verbal or physical
- Quid pro quo
- Hostile or offensive environment
24Sexual HarassmentSeverity Levels
- Mild Sexual or sexist remarks
- Unwelcome intrusion
- Intermediate Graphic comments
- Severe Requiring sexual services
-
25Sexual HarassmentEffects on the Victim
- Financial loss
- Psychological reactions
- Physical symptoms
- Personal relationships
-
26Same-Sex Sexual Harassment
- Recent increase in same-sex sexual harassment
claims - Difficult to pursue legally
- Federal law narrowly interpreted as between
men-women
27Dealing with Sexual Harassment
- If assaulted, file criminal charges
- If not assaulted, confront harasser
- Discuss with supervisor
- Discuss appropriately with coworkers
- File official complaint or lawsuit
28Sexual Harassment in Academic Settings
- Coercion focuses on grades, letters of
recommendation, work, or research opportunities - Many colleges universities ban
professor-student romances - Incidence
- 20-40 undergraduate women 9-20 men
- 30-50 graduate women
- 33-50 medical students