rock forming minerals

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rock forming minerals

• quartz
• feldspar
• amphibole
• pyroxene

• mica
• clay
• calcite
• gypsum

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distinguishing qualities

• color
• luster
• hardness
• density
• cleavage
• crystalline system

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Formation name rock mass

• Type of rock limestone
• Rock mass quality Formation Name
• fractures
• hydrology
• etc
• Data Base - Based on past experience and
  registering the quality of the rock

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Rock mass

• Usages
• tunneling
• mining
• aggregate in concrete
• aggregate in asphalt
• dimension stone
• foundation rock

Good rock Bra berg
For what???
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Geological classification

• Three main rock groups
• Igneous rocks (magmatiska)
• Sedimentary rocks (sedimentära)
• Metamorphic rocks (metamorfa)

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Igneous rocks (magmatiska)
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Sedimentary rocks (sedimentära)
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Metamorphic rocks (metamorfa)
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Igneous Rocks hard rocks

• extrusive lava
• intrusive or plutonic (50 km or more)
• serpentinites altered igneous rocks

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Igneous Rocks

• extrusive lava

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Igneous Rocks

• intrusive or plutonic (50 km or more)

• joints common, sheet joints
• high in-situ stress

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Igneous Rocks

• highly susceptible to weathering

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Igneous Rocks

• broken and crushed
• seams of serpentine-rich clay
• shear easily

• serpentinites altered igneous rocks

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common igneous rocks

• intrusive
• granite
• diorite
• gabbros
• diabase or dolerite
• pegmatite

• extrusive
• basalt
• andesite
• rhyolite

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Sedimentary rocks Soft rocks

1. clastic
2. chemical
3. biochemical

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Sedimentary rocks

• clastic
• chemical
• biochemical

• composed of pieces of pre existing rocks and
  minerals

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Sedimentary rocks

• clastic
• chemical
• biochemical

• precipitate of a mass, such as silica or calcium
  carbonate
• wandering of a substance in the rocks

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Sedimentary rocks

• clastic
• chemical
• biochemical

• composed of fragments of plants and animals

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characteristics of sedimentary rocks

• bedding and strata
• laterally continuous
• uniformly thick
• originally horizontal

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characteristics of sedimentary rocks

• bedding and strata
• laterally continuous
• uniformly thick
• originally horizontal

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Diagenesis

• sediment transformed to a sedimentary rocks
• compaction
• cementation
• low temperatures

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common sedimentary rocks

• claystone
• mudstone
• siltstone
• sandstone
• conglomerate
• limestone

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Rock according to an engineer is irreversibly
cemented and hard but several sedimentary
rocks can loose all resemblance of a rock when
soaked in water these act as
engineeringsoils
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Metamorphic Rocks changed rocks

• metamorphism minerals and structures of rocks
  are transformed

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metamorphic textures highly directional

• foliation
• schistosity
• recrystallized
• isotropic
• anisotropic

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metamorphic textures highly directional

• foliation
• schistosity
• recrystallized
• isotropic
• anisotropic

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metamorphic textures highly directional

• foliation
• schistosity
• recrystallized
• isotropic
• anisotropic

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Common metamorphic rock types

• slate
• schist
• gneiss
• marble
• quartzite

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Common metamorphic rock types

• slate
• schist
• gneiss
• marble
• quartzite

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Common metamorphic rock types

• slate
• schist
• gneiss
• marble
• quartzite

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Common metamorphic rock types

• slate
• schist
• gneiss
• marble
• quartzite

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Common metamorphic rock types

• slate
• schist
• gneiss
• marble
• quartzite

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