Summarizing, Paraphrasing, ICE, and Direct Quoting

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Summarizing, Paraphrasing, ICE, and Direct Quoting
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Incorporating the ideas of others

• To weave the information youve gathered into
  your own writing you can
• Quote directly
• Paraphrase
• Summarize

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The Methods

• Direct quoting involves adding the exact words,
  inside quotation marks, to your text
• Paraphrasing, or indirect quoting, involves
  rewriting a specific part/paragraph/idea in your
  own words
• Summarizing involves succinctly giving a synopsis
  of the main ideas in your own words

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Why quote?

• All of us use others ideas to build on,
  challenge or disagree with
• The writer must make it clear which ideas and
  words are his/hers and which belong to others
• References add weight to your argument
• Strict conventions exist on quoting others ideas
  or words
• Use quotations to support your points, not make
  them.

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The ICE Method

• Use the ICE method
• Introduce (first time you use a source-author
  name, source name, summary of source after that,
  just need signal phrase)
• Cite
• Explain

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I - Introduction

• An introduction can be simple, but ALWAYS needs
  three parts is ALWAYS in one sentence on its
  own (never separated)
• The authors full name
• The full name of the source (either in italics or
  quotation marks)
• What the source is about

explains how to write a successful essay.
John Barton,
in his book, Writing in College,
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C - Citation

• Then the citation. This also has three parts
• Signal phrase (who is saying it how are they
  saying it)
• The direct quotation
• The citation

(Barton 5).
He explains,
The ICE method is easy to remember
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Sample signal phrases

• Smith points out
• Smith reports
• Smith notes
• Smith observes
• Smith concludes

• Smith recognizes
• According to Smith
• To quote Smith
• As Smith has indicated
• Smith defines as

Be sure the direct quote does not interrupt the
flow of your sentence
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Dropped (or stand alone) quotations

• Do not include a quotation in your document that
  stands alone.
• This means it doesnt have a signal phrase.

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E -Explanation

• And the explanation, or justification for the
  quotation (usually 1-3 sentences long)

Most students can remember what the letters in
ICE stand for even years afterwards.
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Words of Advice

• Essays that use extensive direct quotations tend
  to lack voice, continuity, or authority.
• If you offer quotations every few lines, your
  ideas become subordinate to other peoples ideas
  and voices. Your ideas are lost and the piece
  will not indicate that YOU have done any thinking
  or synthesizing.
• Therefore, you are generally better off
  paraphrasing and summarizing material and using
  direct quotations sparingly.

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Acknowledging your sources

• There are conventions for indicating the source
  of the quotations and ideas youve used in your
  writing
• 1. The bibliography (i.e., References APA or
  Works Cited MLA) at the end of the paper
• 2. Parenthetical citations that follow an
  individual quotation or reference in your text
• Your essays will require BOTH

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Summarizing

• Summarizing takes the entire source and puts it
  into your own words.
• Summarize the main ideas only
• Be concise
• No quotations
• Tends to be shorter than the original source (In
  this class, your summaries will be a paragraph
  5-7 sentences)
• Starts off with an introduction of the source (I
  of ICE)

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A Paraphrase is

• Your own version of the meaning of the ideas
  and/or information of someone else a very few
  essential words of the source's may be included.
• A proper way of using information from a source
  who you cite.
• Different from a summary in that it consists of
  approximately the same number of words as the
  original whereas a summary focuses on the main
  idea and condenses information.

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Paraphrasing Guidelines

• Do not alter the authors original message
• Do not eliminate any significant background
  information
• Do not misrepresent the authors intentions
• Do not copy the original wording too closely
• Dont just change a few words or shuffle things
  around read the passage several times and
  completely rewrite it.

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Paraphrasing Tips

• 1. Reread the original passage to grasp its full
  meaning.
• 2. Think about the sense, the purpose, the
  reasoning of the original then write out your
  paraphrase.
• 3. Check your version with the original to make
  sure that yours accurately expresses all the
  essential information without relying on the same
  phrasing or form of expression.
• 4. Use quotation marks to identify any unique
  terms you have borrowed exactly from the source.
• 5. Jot down a few words to remind yourself later
  about how you plan on using your paraphrase.
  Write a keyword or phrase to indicate the subject
  of your paraphrase.
• 6. Record the source (including the page) so that
  you can credit it easily if you decide to
  incorporate the material into your paper.

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Example of a Paraphrase

• In a far away, long ago kingdom, Cinderella is
  living happily with her mother and father until
  her mother dies. Cinderella's father remarries a
  cold, cruel woman who has two daughters, Drizella
  and Anastasia. When the father dies, Cinderella's
  wicked stepmother turns her into a virtual
  servant in her own house. Meanwhile, across town
  in the castle, the King determines that his son
  the Prince should find a suitable bride and
  provide him with a required number of
  grandchildren. So the King invites every eligible
  maiden in the kingdom to a fancy dress ball,
  where his son will be able to choose his bride.
  Cinderella has no suitable party dress for a
  ball, but her friends the mice, lead by Jaques
  and Gus, and the birds lend a hand in making her
  one, a dress the evil stepsisters immediately
  tear apart on the evening of the ball. At this
  point, enter the Fairy Godmother, who creates a
  pumpkin carriage and dress for her to arrive at
  the royal ball under the understanding that it
  would disappear at the stroke of midnight. She
  and the prince meet and fall in love at first
  glance. She is also given glass slippers, one of
  which she loses on her way hurrying out of the
  ball. The prince, after finding the shoe,
  creates a search team to find the wearer. The
  stepsisters try to get in the way of Cinderella
  being discovered however, the shoe only fit
  Cinderella. Despite her shabby appearance, the
  Prince allows Cinderella to try on the shoe, and
  the rest, as they say, is fairy tale history.

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Summarizing

• Condensing a writers ideas into a much shorter
  piece with your words
• Summaries allow you to sort through the
  information in the source and report only what
  you consider to be essential.

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Example of a Summary

• Though put to work by her evil stepmother and
  stepsisters, Cinderella manages to get a ball
  gown by the help of her friends and make it to
  the ball where she meets the Prince. There, they
  fall in love, she loses her shoe, reunites with
  the Prince, and lives happily ever after.

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Why Summarizing/Paraphrasing is Important

• The mental process required for successful
  paraphrasing helps you to grasp the full meaning
  of the original.
• It helps you control the temptation to quote too
  much.
• It is better than quoting information from an
  undistinguished passage.