Migration and Its Impact on Population Change

1
Migration and Its Impact on Population Change

• Chapter 19

2
Migration Terminology

• Migration
• Movement of people from one region to another

• Immigration
• Migration of people into a country

3
Migration Terminology

• Emigration
• Migration of people out of a country

• Net Migration
• Difference between immigration (I) and emigration
  (E)
• NM I E
• NL probably has a negative Net Migration
• Alberta probably has a positive Net Migration

4
Migration Terminology

• Internal Migration
• Migration of people within a country, province,
  or region
• Eg. People moving from rural to urban areas
  within the same province

5
Actual Change vs. Natural Change

• Actual change recognizes ALL the factors that can
  change a population (Births, Deaths, Immigration,
  Emigration)
• The formula is AC (B I) (D E) Where
• AC (Actual Change) (B (Births) I
  (Immigration)) (D (Deaths) E (Emigration))
• Natural change only deals with births and deaths
• The formula is NC B D Where
• NC (Natural Change) B (Births) D (Deaths)

6
Aspects of Actual Change

• A population can have a natural increase but an
  actual decrease in the population
• If the net migration is negative and greater in
  magnitude than the natural increase there will be
  an actual decrease in population

• A population can have a natural decrease but an
  actual increase in the population
• If the net migration is positive and larger in
  magnitude than the natural decrease there will be
  an actual increase in the population

7
Complete Question 2 and 3 Page 323
8
Push and Pull Factors

• Why Do People Migrate?
• Pages 323 - 326

9
Reasons For Migration

• People move for a wide variety of reasons all to
  numerous to list
• However, they can generally be divided into one
  of two categories
• People either want to get away from their place
  of origin or go to a particular place
• Instead of using get away factors we use Push
  factors and instead of using go to factors we
  use Pull factors.

10
Reasons for Migration

• Besides push and pull factors there are also
  factors that keep people from moving (eg.
  Culture, lack of money, emigration/immigration
  laws, family connections and feeling of home.
• These factors are referred to as intervening
  obstacles because they are obstacles to migration

11
Reasons for Migration

• Push factors factors in the home country that
  make people want to leave.
• Examples there may be serious reasons such as
  mass movements of people because of war, human
  rights abuses, torture, targeting killing,
  ethnic cleansing
• Other reasons may be for jobs, to be with family,
  better education etc

12
Reasons for Migration

• Pull factors factors that draw people to a
  country
• Examples prosperity, stability, citizenship,
  peace, opportunities, friends, family, social
  welfare programs, etc

13
Complete Worksheet 19.1 and 19.2
14
Population Structures

• Pages 331 - 336

15
Population Pyramids

• Countries population made up of people who are
  either born there or who immigrate to it
• The composition of both group there Age and
  Gender is important in population studies
• Typically, geographers separate populations into
  Male and Female and further subdivide each of
  these into Age Groups usually five years each
• The percentage of Males and Females in each five
  year category is then plotted as Bar Graphs
• This graphic representation of a population is
  known as a Population Pyramid

16
Population Pyramids

• Normally males are on the left and females are on
  the right
• Age categories are in 5 year increasing intervals
  labeled up the center
• The horizontal axis is measures in millions

17
Population Pyramids
18
Complete Question 14, Page 331
19
Classifying/Analyzing Population Pyramids

• Pages 332-336

20
Classification

• Different pyramid shapes are variations of three
  basic categories
• Expansive
• Stationary
• Contractive

21
Expansive or Expanding

• Classic triangular\pyramid shape
• Wide base indicating high birth rate due to poor
  access to birth control, lack of education, etc
• Narrow top indicating high death rate due to poor
  medical care and nutrition
• Characterize countries with lower standard of
  living
• Concave in shape

22
Expansive\Expanding Population Pyramid
23
Stationary or Stable

• ½ eclipse shape
• Stable population
• Convex shape
• High standard of living
• Low birth rate
• Low death rate

24
Stationary or Stable Population Pyramid
25
Contractive or Contracting

• Narrower base
• Decreasing population
• Low birth rate
• Well developed country

26
Contractive or Contracting Population Pyramid
27
Reading Population Pyramids

• Observing population pyramids can tell you a lot
  about the population. Study the
• Width of base
• Symmetry
• Shape of sides
• Bumps in sides
• Classification

28
Width of Base

• Birth rate varies with the width of base.
• Wide base high birth rate
• Narrow base low birth rate

29
Symmetry

• Should be relatively symmetrical
• Asymmetry indicates differences in male and
  female populations or more at one age than
  another

• Symmetrical

30
Shape of Sides

• Concave or convex
• Concave indicates high death rate
• Convex indicates low death rate

• Concave

31
Bumps in the Sides

• Irregularities indicate an anomaly
• Baby Boomers Bump
• The Bump will travel upward as the baby boomers
  age

• Baby Boomers

32
Classification

• Indicates Standard of Living

33
Complete Question 15, Page 332-333
34
Dependency Ratio

• Another aspect that can be measured using
  population pyramid
• Based on assumption that the very young and the
  very old age groups of the population are not
  employed and are thus supported by the working
  population (roughly 15 64)
• Measures how many dependants are supported by
  each set of 100 working-age people

35
Dependency Ratio

• Useful measure for comparing populations and
  making predictions about a countries present and
  future economic growth
• Calculation
• Per cent under 15 per cent over 64
• Divided by per cent of working age (15-64)
• x 100

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Example

• Using Population Pyramid in Figure 19.11
• 33.8 8.4
• Divided by 57.8
• X 100
• 73.1 per 100
• Thus, every 100 people in the potential labour
  force in Canada in 1961 supported themselves and
  73 other people

37
Complete Questions 16, 17,19, Pages 334-335
Handout 19.5 (Question 18)