Title: Parsha Balak
1Parsha Balak
2Overview
Balak, the King of Moab, summons the prophet
Balaam to curse the people of Israel. On the way,
Balaam is berated by his ass, who sees the angel
that G-d sends to block their way before Balaam
does. Three times, from three different vantage
points, Balaam attempts to pronounce his curses
each time, blessings issue instead. Balaam also
prophesies on the end of the days and the coming
of Moshiach. The people fall prey to the charms
of the daughters of Moab and are enticed to
worship the idol Peor. When a high-ranking
Israelite official publicly takes a Midianite
princess into a tent, Pinchas kills them
both, stopping the plague raging among the
people.
3Cause and Effect
- What causes Balak to want to destroy Bene Israel?
- Is there a connection to our times in this
Parsha? - Where is all of this heading?
4Balak
- The story opens with Balak king of Moab noticing
how the Children of Israel had defeated the
Amorites. The Torah states that, - 2. Balak the son of Zippor saw all that Israel
had done to the Amorites.3. Moab became
terrified of the people, for they were numerous,
and Moab became disgusted because of the children
of Israel.4. Moab said to the elders of Midian,
"Now this assembly will eat up everything around
us, as the ox eats up the greens of the field.
Balak the son of Zippor was king of Moab at that
time. Bamidbar 222- 4 - The two sequence of these two phases--fear,
followed by disgust--is significant. - There can be two responses to a more powerful and
successful person or people. This could either
motivate one to endeavor to establish good
relations with the more powerful entity, or one
can become frightened and he creates an enemy to
oppose them. - Balak chose to oppose his perceived opponent. The
Torah explains why Moab chose the latter option.
They were afraid and envious of the Israelites,
and envy breads disgust. As the story in this
Parsha illustrates, disgust is only a short step
away from a hatred that can lead to cold-blooded
killing.
5A Strategy
- The Hebrew phrase, Atzum hu mimeni ("He is
mightier than me") also translates, "He is
mightier from me." For in truth, the might of the
people of Israel is Moshiach, who is descendent
of Balak! (Ruth the Moabite, anscestress of King
David, is a descendent of Balak). (Shaloh) - The Strategy
- Change Bene Israel to Defeat them. Remove their
Spiritual Advantage and maybe you can win.
6Balaks Weapon. A Prophet
- 5. He sent messengers to Balaam the son of Beor,
to Pethor, which is by the river of the land of
his people, to call for him, saying, "A people
has come out of Egypt, and behold, they have
covered the "eye" of the land, and they are
stationed opposite me. - 6. So now, please come and curse this people for
me, for they are too powerful for me. Perhaps I
will be able to wage war against them and drive
them out of the land, for I know that whomever
you bless is blessed and whomever you curse is
cursed." Bamidbar 225- 6
7A Little History
- Take a look at history and you will find many
examples of this Strategy in Jewish History. - The Eygptians
- The Assyrians
- The Persians
- The Greeks
- The Romans
- The Christians
- The Muslims
- The Secularists
- The Strategy in all of these cases is First
Change them and then Absorb them. If this fails
try Physical Conquest, Removal from the Jewish
Homeland, Economic Deprivation, Enticement,
Enslavement, Persecution and finally Slaughter.
8- The Israelites had a completely different
outlook. When faced with a powerful adversary
they would choose the peaceful option war was
always a last resort. The reason for this is
clear. Satisfied with what they had been given by
G-d, they did not feel the need to have what
belonged to others. This characteristic was and
still is integral to Jewish identity. And
eventually even the evil prophet Balaam was
forced to recognize it and extol it. - Hashem did not allow Balaam to curse the
Israelites and he was forced to give them
blessings instead. The third blessing he gave was
different to the previous two "Balaam did not go
in search of omens as he had done in the previous
blessings, but turned his face toward the
desert. Balaam raised his eyes, and he saw the
Israelites dwelling according to its tribes and
the spirit of G-d rested upon him. Balaam took up
his parable and said - 'How goodly are your tents, O Jacob your
dwelling places, O Israel!
9- Bamidbar 245-9
- 5 How goodly are thy tents, O Jacob, thy
dwellings, O Israel! - 6 As valleys stretched out, as gardens by the
river-side as aloes planted of the LORD, as
cedars beside the waters - 7 Water shall flow from his branches, and his
seed shall be in many waters and his king shall
be higher than Agag, and his kingdom shall be
exalted. - 8 God who brought him forth out of Egypt is for
him like the lofty horns of the wild-ox he shall
eat up the nations that are his adversaries, and
shall break their bones in pieces, and pierce
them through with his arrows. - 9 He couched, he lay down as a lion, and as a
lioness who shall rouse him up? Blessed be every
one that blesseth thee, and cursed be every one
that curseth thee. - Rashi explains that Balaam commented on the fact
that the openings of the Israelites' tents did
not face each other, so that no one could peer
into another person's tent. Each family was happy
with their own lot they therefore had no reason
to want to look into the tent of their
neighbours. The way the tents were laid out
reflected this--Balaam had no choice but to
recognize this and contrast it with the fear,
discontent and envy he had encountered with Balak
and the Moabites.
10- Rabbi Yochanan said From the blessings of that
wicked man you may learn his intentions. He
wished to curse them that they should have no
houses of prayer or houses of study instead he
blessed them with that, saying "How goodly are
your tents, O Jacob." - He wished to curse them that the Divine Presence
should not dwell amongst them instead he blessed
them with that, saying - "Your dwellings (mishkenotecha, which also means
'Sanctuaries'), O Israel." - He wished to curse them that their kingdom
should not endure instead, - "As the winding brooks" that they might have no
olive trees and vineyards -- - "as gardens by the river's side" that their odor
might not be fragrant -- - "as aloes which G-d has planted" that their
kings might not be tall -- - "as cedars beside the waters"
- that they might not have a king the son of a king
-- - "He shall pour the water out of his buckets"
- that their kingdom might not rule over other
nations -- - "His seed shall be in many waters" that their
kingdom might not be strong -- - "his king shall be higher than Agag" that their
kingdom might not be awe-inspiring -- - "and his kingdom shall be exalted."
-
- Said Rabbi Abba bar Kahana In the end, all of
them reverted to a curse (with the fall of the
house of David and the destruction of the Holy
Temple and the Exile), excepting the houses of
prayer and the houses of study. Thus it is
written (Deuteronomy 236), "But the L-rd your
G-d turned the curse into a blessing for you,
because the L-rd your G-d loved you" -- the
curse, in the singular, but not the curses...
(Talmud, Sanhedrin 105b)
11A Real Example
- Fundamental to Islam is the concept of Jihad,
which is the obligation to expand the territories
under (Arab) Muslim rule at the expense of
non-Muslim territories. Integral to this ideology
is the fact that Islam is not happy with its
portion--it would like to conquer, own and
control that which currently belongs to others.
If this is achieved peacefully--as moderate
Moslems claim it should--it would seem that no
one could possibly object. However, the
underlying principle is perilous because
discontent with one's lot often leads to the
disgust and hate of others, and then tragically
to carnage. - This is the underlying cause of terrorism. The
terrorists' ideology of discontent causes them to
be disgusted by and ultimately hate cultures
different to theirs. Make no mistake the cause
of terrorism has nothing to do with
socio-economic factors and everything to do with
an ideology of discontent and hatred. It is this
ideology that breeds home grown terrorists. - Their strategy of trying to defeat us is age-old.
Like Balak in the Bible, they have identified the
strength of western democracies--our free and
open societies--and they intend to exploit it in
an effort to defeat us.
Rabbi Levi I. Brackman
12The End of Days
13Bamidbar 2414-24
- 14. And now, I am going to my people. Come, I
will advise you...what this people will to do
your people at the end of days." 15. He took up
his parable and said, "The word of Balaam, son of
Beor, the word of a man with an open eye.16. The
word of the one who hears God's sayings and
perceives the thoughts of the Most High who sees
the vision of the Almighty, fallen yet with open
eyes.17. I see it, but not now I behold it, but
not soon. A star has gone forth from Jacob, and a
staff will arise from Israel which will crush the
princes of Moab and uproot all the sons of
Seth.18. Edom shall be possessed, and Seir shall
become the possession of his enemies, and Israel
shall triumph.19. A ruler shall come out of
Jacob, and destroy the remnant of the city."20.
When he saw Amalek, he took up his parable and
said, "Amalek was the first of the nations, and
his fat shall be everlasting destruction."21.
When he saw the Kenite, he took up his parable
and said, "How firm is your dwelling place, and
your nest is set in a cliff.22. For if Kain is
laid waste, how far will Assyria take you
captive?"23. He took up his parable and said,
Alas! Who can survive these things from God?24.
Ships will come from the Kittites and afflict
Assyria and afflict those on the other side, but
he too will perish forever." - 25. Balaam arose, went, and returned home, and
Balak went on his way.
14"And now," continues Balaam, "I go to my people.
Come therefore, and I will advise you what this
people shall do to your people in the end of
days."
- the end of days There shall shoot forth a star
out of Jacob... - (2417)
-
- The Melech HaMoshiach ("anointed king") is
destined to arise and restore the kingdom of
David to its glory of old, to its original
sovereignty. He will build the Holy Temple and
gather the dispersed of Israel. In his times, all
the laws of the Torah will be reinstated as
before the sacrifices will be offered, the
Sabbatical year and the Jubilee year instituted
as outlined in the Torah. - Whoever does not believe in him or does not
anticipate his coming, denies not only the other
prophets but also the Torah and Moses. For the
Torah testifies about him "G-d shall return your
captivity... He will return and gather you from
all the nations amongst whom the L-rd your G-d
has scattered you... If your outcasts shall be at
the ends of the heavens, from there will the L-rd
your G-d gather you, from there He will take
you... G-d will bring you to the Land...''
(Deuteronomy 303-5). These explicit words of the
Torah encapsulate all that has been said
(concerning Moshiach) by the prophets. - Also in the story of Balaam is it spoken of, and
there it is prophesied on the two "anointed
ones" the first Moshiach, which is David, who
saved Israel from its enemies and the last
Moshiach, who shall be of his descendents, who
will save Israel in the end of the Exile. There
he says "I see him, but not now"--this is David
"I behold him, but he is not near"--this is the
King Moshiach "There shall shoot forth a star
out of Jacob"--this is David "And a scepter
shall rise out of Israel"-- this is the King
Moshiach "And shall smite the corners of
Moab"--this is David, as it is written (II Samuel
82) "And he smote Moab, and he measured them
with a line" "And rule over all the children of
Seth"-- this is the King Moshiach, as it is
written (Zachariah 910), "And his dominion shall
be from sea to sea"...
15- the end of days There shall shoot forth a star
out of Jacob... - (2417)
- As for the books of the prophets, one need not
cite references to Moshiach, for all the books
are full of this... - If there arises a king from the house of David,
who studies the Torah and fulfills its
precepts... who will prevail upon all of Israel
to follow it and repair its breaches, and will
wage the battle of G-d -- he is presumed to be
Moshiach. If he did so and was successful, and he
built the Holy Temple on its site and gathered
the dispersed of Israel - he is certainly
Moshiach. He will correct the entire world to
serve G-d together, as is written (Zephaniah
39) "For then I shall turn to the nations a
pure tongue, that all shall call upon the name of
G-d to serve Him as one"... - The sages and the prophets did not crave the era
of Moshiach in order to rule over the world... or
to eat, drink and rejoice but only so that they
be free for Torah and its wisdom and be rid of
any oppressor and disrupter... - Edomites advanced against them with the sword,
as is proven by the texts, "The enemy said I
will pursue, I will overtake... I will draw my
sword" (Exodus 15 9), "And Edom said unto him
You shall not pass through me, lest I come out
with the sword against you" (Numbers 2018). Two
advanced against them with transgression, namely
the Moabites and the Ammonites. Of those who had
advanced against them with the sword it is
written, "You shall not abhor an Edomite... You
shall not abhor an Egyptian" (Deuteronomy 238) .
Of those, however, who had advanced against them
with transgression, endeavoring to make Israel
sin, it says, "An Ammonite or a Moabite shall not
enter into the assembly of G-d... Even to the
tenth generation shall none of them enter... for
ever" (ibid. v. 4).
(Midrash Rabbah
16Mishneh Torah, Laws of Kings 11-12
- There shall shoot forth a star out of Jacob...
(2417) - The Melech HaMoshiach ("anointed king") is
destined to arise and restore the kingdom of
David to its glory of old, to its original
sovereignty. He will build the Holy Temple and
gather the dispersed of Israel. In his times, all
the laws of the Torah will be reinstated as
before the sacrifices will be offered, the
Sabbatical year and the Jubilee year instituted
as outlined in the Torah. - Whoever does not believe in him or does not
anticipate his coming, denies not only the other
prophets but also the Torah and Moses. For the
Torah testifies about him "G-d shall return your
captivity... He will return and gather you from
all the nations amongst whom the L-rd your G-d
has scattered you... If your outcasts shall be at
the ends of the heavens, from there will the L-rd
your G-d gather you, from there He will take
you... G-d will bring you to the Land...''
(Deuteronomy 303-5). These explicit words of the
Torah encapsulate all that has been said
(concerning Moshiach) by the prophets. - Also in the story of Balaam is it spoken of, and
there it is prophesied on the two "anointed
ones" the first Moshiach, which is David, who
saved Israel from its enemies and the last
Moshiach, who shall be of his descendents, who
will save Israel in the end of the Exile. There
he says "I see him, but not now"--this is David
"I behold him, but he is not near"--this is the
King Moshiach "There shall shoot forth a star
out of Jacob"--this is David "And a scepter
shall rise out of Israel"--this is the King
Moshiach "And shall smite the corners of
Moab"--this is David, as it is written (II Samuel
82) "And he smote Moab, and he measured them
with a line" "And rule over all the children of
Seth"--this is the King Moshiach, as it is
written (Zachariah 910), "And his dominion shall
be from sea to sea"...
17Mishneh Torah, Laws of Kings 11-12
- There shall shoot forth a star out of Jacob...
(2417) - As for the books of the prophets, one need not
cite references to Moshiach, for all the books
are full of this... - If there arises a king from the house of David,
who studies the Torah and fulfills its
precepts... who will prevail upon all of Israel
to follow it and repair its breaches, and will
wage the battle of G-d -- he is presumed to be
Moshiach. If he did so and was successful, and he
built the Holy Temple on its site and gathered
the dispersed of Israel - he is certainly
Moshiach. He will correct the entire world to
serve G-d together, as is written (Zephaniah
39) "For then I shall turn to the nations a
pure tongue, that all shall call upon the name of
G-d to serve Him as one"... - The sages and the prophets did not crave the era
of Moshiach in order to rule over the world... or
to eat, drink and rejoice but only so that they
be free for Torah and its wisdom and be rid of
any oppressor and disrupter... - And at that time there will be no hunger or war,
no jealousy or rivalry. For the good will be
plentiful, and all delicacies available as dust.
The entire occupation of the world will be only
to know G-d... Israel will be of great wisdom
they will perceive the esoteric truths and
comprehend their Creator's wisdom as is the
capacity of man. As it is written (Isaiah 119)
For the earth shall be filled with the knowledge
of G-d, as the waters cover the sea...'' - (Maimonides' Mishneh Torah, Laws of Kings 11-12)
18Ezekiel 36
1 And thou, son of man, prophesy unto the
mountains of Israel, and say Ye mountains of
Israel, hear the word of the LORD. 2 Thus saith
the Lord GOD Because the enemy hath said against
you Aha! even the ancient high places are ours
in possession 3 therefore prophesy, and say
Thus saith the Lord GOD Because, even because
they have made you desolate, and swallowed you up
on every side, that ye might be a possession unto
the rest of the nations, and ye are taken up in
the lips of talkers, and the evil report of the
people 4 therefore, ye mountains of Israel, hear
the word of the Lord GOD Thus saith the Lord GOD
to the mountains and to the hills, to the streams
and to the valleys, to the desolate wastes and to
the cities that are forsaken, which are become a
prey and derision to the residue of the nations
that are round about 5 therefore thus saith the
Lord GOD Surely in the fire of My jealousy have
I spoken against the residue of the nations, and
against all Edom, that have appointed My land
unto themselves for a possession with the joy of
all their heart, with disdain of soul, to cast it
out for a prey
19Ezekiel 36
- 6 therefore prophesy concerning the land of
Israel, and say unto the mountains and to the
hills, to the streams and to the valleys Thus
saith the Lord GOD Behold, I have spoken in My
jealousy and in My fury, because ye have borne
the shame of the nations - 7 therefore thus saith the Lord GOD I have
lifted up My hand Surely the nations that are
round about you, they shall bear their shame. - 8 But ye, O mountains of Israel, ye shall shoot
forth your branches, and yield your fruit to My
people Israel for they are at hand to come. - 9 For, behold, I am for you, and I will turn unto
you, and ye shall be tilled and sown - 10 and I will multiply men upon you, all the
house of Israel, even all of it and the cities
shall be inhabited, and the waste places shall be
builded
20Ezekiel 36
- 11 and I will multiply upon you man and beast,
and they shall increase and be fruitful and I
will cause you to be inhabited after your former
estate, and will do better unto you than at your
beginnings and ye shall know that I am the LORD. - 12 Yea, I will cause men to walk upon you, even
my people Israel, and they shall possess thee,
and thou shalt be their inheritance and thou
shalt no more henceforth bereave them of
children. - 13 Thus saith the Lord GOD Because they say unto
you Thou land art a devourer of men, and hast
been a bereaver of thy nations
21Ezekiel 36
- 14 therefore thou shalt devour men no more,
neither bereave thy nations any more, saith the
Lord GOD - 15 neither will I suffer the shame of the nations
any more to be heard against thee, neither shalt
thou bear the reproach of the peoples any more,
neither shalt thou cause thy nations to stumble
any more, saith the Lord GOD.
221 The word of the LORD that came to Micah the
Morashtite in the days of Jotham, Ahaz, and
Hezekiah, kings of Judah, which he saw concerning
Samaria and Jerusalem.
Micah 11
- Haftorah
- This week's haftorah reveals to us Hashem's
incredible love for His people. The prophet Micha
opens by comparing the Jewish nation to a lion
amongst the beasts. This refers to the Jewish
nation's ultimate status in the Messianic era
wherein there will be no need to turn to other
nations for assistance. They will finally place
their full trust in Hashem and recognize that
salvation comes solely from Him. Micha continues
the Messianic theme by describing Hashem's
cleansing process whereby all idolatry and
idolatrous cities will be destroyed. - The prophet suddenly shifts gears and summons the
Jewish people to a serious trial. Micha says,
"Come and debate before the mountains and project
your voice to the hills. Because Hashem is
quarreling with His people and challenging
Israel. Hashem begins the debate and demands,
"My nation, what have I done to you and how have
I drained you? (61-3) The prophet then lists a
host of Hashem's favors to His people. He sent
them three great leaders Moshe, Aharon and
Miriam and even spared the Jewish people from
Balak and Bilaam's fiendish plot. The tone of the
debate seems to focus on the Jewish nation's
unfairness to Hashem. Hashem has been so kind to
them and, in return, consider their response.
Yet, we find no concluding demand and criticism
and instead we discover soft encouraging words.
23- Micha says, "Man, haven't you been told what is
good and what Hashem expects of you? Engage
yourself in acts of justice, loving kindness and
walk modestly with Him." (68) Where is all the
fire and rimstone? Why doesn't Hashem denounce
His people for all their wrongdoing? Wasn't this
the trial's original intent? - Chazal (see Yalkut Shimoni 554) raise these
questions and share with us an enlightening
perspective. Rav Shmuel cites three incidents
where Hashem called His people to trial. Each
time the nations got wind of the trial and
eagerly awaited its outcome. They envisioned that
their long awaited moment finally arrived and
Hashem would undoubtedly destroy His nation.
"After all", they reasoned, "who could possibly
stand up to Hashem's accusations and wrath?" Rav
Shmuel continues that when Hashem sees this
response, He immediately converts His powerful
accusation into soft and kind words of blessing.
(Yalkut Shimoni 554) This insight reveals a
unique dimension of Hashem's relationship with
His people. Although, in truth Hashem seriously
faults His people this information remains
between Hashem and His people. Hashem's love for
them does not permit them to be faulted by
others. As far as the nations concerned, Hashem
cherishes His people and rarely finds fault in
them. If the nations are ever privy to Hashem's
feelings towards His people they will only
discover favor and grace. - This insight is very helpful in appreciating the
full message of this trial. Alongside Hashem's
all encompassing favor of the Jewish exodus, the
picture is completed with one isolated incident.
Micha proclaims, "My nation, remember what Balak
the king of Moav advised and how Bilaam
responded. From Shitim to Gilgal (Hashem 's
kindness continued) in order that you should know
Hashem's righteousness." (65) Why is this favor
isolated and regarded the paradigm of Hashem's
kindness towards His people? In light of the
above insight Micha's message becomes crystal
clear.
24- First, let us search for the hidden lesson of our
parsha. Parshas Balak revolves around Balak and
Bilaam's futile attempts to shower curses at the
Jewish nation. Bilaam, the sorcerer persistently
directed words of degradation towards the Jewish
people which were miraculously transformed into
praise and blessing. To the untrained eye the
scene appears to be somewhat comical. A wicked
man insists on harming the Jewish people and
refuses to accept that Hashem will simply not
allow it. However, we can learn a deeper lesson
from this entire experience. - As we carefully examine Bilaam's words we
discover their heavy concentration on the Jewish
nation's faults. Each curse reflects a serious
attempt to arouse Hashem's wrath against His
people. Bilaam had contact with the inner
dimensions of the world and possessed an accurate
understanding of the Jewish nation's
shortcomings. He focused on these shameful acts
and awaited Hashem's harsh response to this
indecent behavior. (see Targum to Bamidbar 241
and Kli Yakar 231, 14, 241) Yet, Hashem was not
persuaded in the least bit and responded to His
people instead with warm words of blessing. In
fact, Bilaam himself admitted this disheartening
phenomena and profoundly expressed it in his
classical way. He proclaimed to the world,
"Hashem does not gaze at Yaakov's iniquity and
does not see Israel's sinful practices." (2321)
His message was quite clear. Bilaam discovered
the hard way that Hashem was not interested in
faulting His people. Although, their relationship
with Him may be full of imperfection it remains,
in the eyes of the world absolutely perfect.
Hashem would never think of trading in His people
for anything in the world
25- This same dimension is blatantly seen in Hashem's
response to Bilaam's final plot. After his total
failure in cursing the Jewish people, Bilaam
notoriously advised Balak to engage the Midianite
women in seducing Jewish men. This sinful scheme
met with much success and tens of thousands of
innocent Jewish men were lured into atrocious
immoral conduct. Hashem responded harshly to this
sinful movement and sent a severe plague killing
over twenty thousand men. Yet, the totality and
identity of the nation remained in tact. Even
after a sin of such magnitude, Hashem's love for
His people was not diminished in the slightest
way. - These very same people continued to merit
Hashem's favor and entered Eretz Yisroel with
open revelations. Radak explains that although
the entire nation deserved to be destroyed Hashem
did not permit it. (see comment to 65) In light
of the above we can relate to this message.
Bilaam's fiendish plan could never interfere in
Hashem's relationship with His people. The
nations of the world could never be at the root
of such developments. Although the Midianites
witnessed the Jewish nation's momentary deviation
even this atrocious behavior could not yield
severe results. Bilaam and his followers could
never be the cause of Hashem's full wrath against
His people. Therefore, after Pinchos effectively
silenced the sinful movement Hashem continued His
relationship with His people in full.
26- We now understand why Micha isolated this
incident between Bilaam and the Jewish people
when demonstrating Hashem's ultimate love for His
people. In truth, Hashem's response to this
serious plunge reflects the full tone of the
debate. Hashem's unequivocal message to His
people is that the nations can never get between
Hashem and His people. Even when Hashem has
serious complaints against His people such
information is not for public knowledge. Hashem's
incredible love for His people demands that world
perspective of this be one of perfect love and
appreciation. In truth, a father always remains a
father during the most trying times and his love
for his child is never tainted. Although he may
punish his child this too is an expression of
love and concern and should never be viewed in
any other way. No one should ever forget that the
Jewish people are Hashem's children and His
boundless love and concern for them will always
be there for them.
RABBI DOVID SIEGEL
27Cause and Effect
- What causes Balak to want to destroy Bene Israel?
Fear and Disgust which breeds hate. - Is there a connection to our times in this
Parsha? Todays News Headlines. - Where is all of this heading? The Coming of the
Maschiach.
28All of what we are, we see, we did and will do,
is the Work of HaShem. May it be Your Will,
HaShem, that the Holy Temple be rebuilt speedily
in our days and grant us our share in Your
Torah. Shabbat Shalom