TCRP H-36 Reinventing the Interstate: A New

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TCRP H-36Reinventing the Interstate A New
Paradigm for Multimodal Transportation
Facilities

• MICM Workshop
• Christopher Ferrell, Ph.D.
• Dowling Associates, Inc.

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Key Study Issues

• Previous Research Has Established
• Factors ? Successful Transit
• Factors ? Successful Highways
• Factors ? Successful Multimodal Highway
  Corridors?
• Study Goal Develop New Paradigm!
• Develop Multidisciplinary Approach

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New Paradigm Definition

• Multimodal Facilities Highways Transit
  Pedestrians Bicycles
• Corridor Multimodal Facilities Surrounding
  Land Uses
• Multimodal Corridor New Paradigm Optimized
  Combinations of Multimodal Facilities Land Uses

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What Factors Influence Optimal Corridor
Performance?

• Transportation Facility Alignment Factors
• Modes Available
• Facility Design Characteristics
• Station Corridor Factors
• Land Use
• Urban Design
• Socio-Demographics

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Highways Transit Different Systems, Different
Needs

• How do we integrate non-auto modes into a highway
  environment?
• How do we manage mitigate conflicts between
  modes and factors?

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• Development Potential
• Optimizing Multimodal System Capacity
• Transit System Ridership
• Highway Throughput

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Facility Design Alignment Opportunities

• Highway design
• interchanges
• ramps
• lanes
• grade/geometrics
• Transit facility type and design
• Modes
• BRT, LRT, HRT, Commuter
• Transit alignment choices
• median-running
• side-running
• elevated
• tunnel
• Transit station placement

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Facility Design Alignment Constraints

• Grade
• Max grade urban freeway 6
• Max grade heavy rail 4
• Available highway R.O.W (Width)
• R.O.W. obstructions
• Bridge placement and design
• Tunnel placement and design

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Station vs. Corridor-Level Factors

• Station-Level
• The 4 Ds
• Density
• Diversity
• Design
• Distance
• Ramp Placement
• Parking
• Pricing
• Supply

• Corridor-Level
• Accessible Destinations
• Jobs/Housing Balance
• Coordinated Parking
• Pricing
• Supply
• Growth Controls

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Auto vs. Transit-Oriented Corridors
Transit-Oriented Objective Max. Non-Auto Access
to Transit Activity Centers
Auto-Oriented Objective Max. Auto Access to
Individual Land Uses
Corridor Continuum
Multimodal Corridor Continuum
Multimodal Transit-Oriented Objective Emphasize
Non-Auto Access to Transit Stations Activity
Centers
Multimodal Auto-Oriented Objective Emphasize
Auto Access to Employment Centers Transit
Stations
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Auto vs. Transit-Oriented Multimodal Corridors
Multimodal Transit-Oriented
Multimodal Auto-Oriented

• Station-Level Factors
• High Density
• High Diversity (Mixed-Use)
• Design (Pedestrian Scale)
• Distance (Short Walk)
• Ramps Far from Stations
• Parking
• Pricing
• Supply (Min. Spaces Park Ride)

• Station-Level Factors
• Low Density
• Low Diversity (Separated Uses)
• Design (Max. Auto Flow)
• Distance (Short Drive)
• Ramps Near Stations
• Parking
• Pricing
• Supply (Max. Spaces Park Ride)

• Corridor-Level Factors
• Clustered Employment
• Low/Medium Density Residential Dispersed from Key
  Stations
• Jobs/Housing Imbalance (Serve CBD)

• Corridor-Level Factors
• Clustered Destinations
• Jobs/Housing Balance
• Coordinated Parking
• Pricing
• Supply
• Growth Controls

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Corridor Typology
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Identifying Successful (and Unsuccessful)
Multimodal Highway Corridors Stations

• S.F Bay Areas Pittsburg/Bay Point BART Line
• Denver Metros T-REX Corridor

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Transit-Oriented Multimodal Corridor Example
Rockridge BART

• Notable Characteristics
• Elevated Tracks Freeway
• Vibrant Neighborhood Commercial Area
• Park Ride Lots Tucked Under Freeway
• Pedestrian-Friendly Underpass
• Landscaping Masks Parking Lot
• Artwork/Murals

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Auto-Oriented Multimodal Corridor Examples
Denvers T-REX

• Notable Characteristics
• Side-of-Freeway Alignment
• Stations Often at Interchanges
• Park Ride Lots

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Multimodal Transit-Oriented Corridors (MTOCs)
Dispersed Ramps Dispersed Traffic
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Multimodal Auto-Oriented Corridors (MAOCs)
Concentrated Ramps Concentrated Traffic
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Multimodal Auto-Oriented Corridors (MAOCs)
Denvers T-REX Close-Up

• Auto Access Priority
• Ramps Close to Station
• Park Ride Lot Adjacent to Station
• Few Ped-Oriented Land Use Opportunities

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Multimodal Transit-Oriented Corridors (MTOCs)
BARTs Rockridge Close-Up
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Multimodal Investment Tradeoffs
Auto-Oriented Corridor Spending
Non-Auto Corridor Spending
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Analysis Tools and Evaluation Criteria
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Key Stakeholder Issues Questions

• Multidisciplinary Approach is Required
• Identify Needs of Key Stakeholders
• Barriers to Developing Multimodal Corridor
  Systems
• Useful Knowledge/Practice
• Analytical Tools Development
• Developing Political Support
• Opportunities Constraints for Partnerships
• Weaving the Expertise of Organizations Together
• Identification of Core Competencies
• Desired Institutional Changes/Reform
• Educational/Marketing Materials