Title: Alyssa Retterath and Aditi Patel
1AMPHIBIANS
- Alyssa Retterath and Aditi Patel
- 1st Period Biology
2Classification
- KINGDOM Animalia
- Phylum Chordata
- Class Amphibia
- Order Anura and Urodela
- Anuras are frogs and toads.
- Urodelas are newts and salamanders.
3Habitat
They tend to stay in cupped shaped bases of
plants. They also stay in trunks and branches of
trees. They live in dry and wet environment,
tropical rainforest.
4Amphibians Important to Humans
- Amphibians were used in Folk medicine in the
early ages for healing. - They are an important part of mythology, culture,
art, and literature.
5Important to Environment
- Amphibians are used as biomonitors. (Indicator
animals) - Pollution in the water
- causes an upset in the
- amphibian life cycle.
- Threatened amphibians
6Environmental Importance
- They are becoming extinct and we dont know why.
- Is the pollution effecting their habitat?
- They have existed on the earth for over 300
million years. - We started out knowing 6,300 known species, and
have lost at least 168 in the last two decades.
7Uniqueness of Amphibians
- There are many pigments of amphibian skin. All
these pigments have different meanings. All
colors are to help with predators. Some colors
help hide the amphibian, while other colors help
warn the predator. - A Siberian salamander lived to be 90 years old.
That is the oldest age recorded for any animal
its size!
Siberian Salamander
He will blend with rocks!
8Skeletal
- They have a back bone, webbed feet- no claws,
attached limbs at shoulders and hips.
- Frogs/toads- legs shorter, weaker, rear legs is
stronger so its easier for them to leap.
9Frog Evolution and Skeleton
10(No Transcript)
11Unique Facts of Amphibians
Oh my gosh! Time for me to come out of
aestivation!
- These little creatures inspire many pieces of
artwork. - They are the evolutionary step between water and
land animals. Amphibian means both sides of life. - Amphibians go through aestivation. Aestivation is
frog hibernation. They go underground in hot
summer months and cold winter months to prevent
losing their moisture.
12Respiration
- They extract oxygen from the air and water. They
use gills, oral epithelium, and cutaneous
respiration. Cutaneous respiration is breathing
through the skin. Oxygen is absorbed through
counteraction of blood and waterflow. - Tadpoles breathe through skin with the help of
external (Urodela) and internal (Anura) gills
and/or with the help of lungs. - All amphibians have lungs except for the lungless
salamander and Onychodactylus.
13It's time for...
a cartoon!
FROG RESPIRATION Scroll down on website to watch
video
14 Reproduction of Anura
- They usually mate during rainy times or in water.
- At night they get together in large groups to
find partners. - Fertilization takes place outside female body.
15(No Transcript)
16Reproduction of Urodela
- Fertilization takes place inside the female body.
- They lay eggs one at a time
- The eggs are usually hatched in moisture.
Frogs
salamanders
17(No Transcript)
18Reproduction
- They slowly lose gills and develop lungs.
- Tad poles get there hind legs before the front
legs. - Eyes, digestive system and other organs undergo
changes to prepare for life
- They have no shells, its jelly like
- The eggs are usually left unguarded, but some
frogs do keep their eggs until they hatch. - Tadpoles/ polliwogs frogs and toads
19Amplexus
- Amplexus is when the male frog grasps the female
frog between his front legs, while she lays her
eggs. He then fertilizes the eggs with sperm
fluid. - Frog Reproduction Video
20Amphibian Nervous System
VERSUS
21Amphibian Nervous System
- The nervous system is a very simple structure.
The brain is divided into five sections the
spinal cord, hind brain, mid brain, cerebellum,
and forebrain. The forebrain has two parts
diencephalon and telencephalon. - The Medulla has automatic functions as a normal
mammal brain. The cerebellum controls posture and
muscles. The cerebellum is also very small in
amphibians, but large in mammals.
22Comparison of Nervous Systems
23Sensory Structures
- Nostrils are one sensory structure. There are two
simple holes. The smell is registered by
olfactory lobes. Olfactory lobes make up the
front part of the brain. - Eyes are another sensory structure. They have
three eyelids. Amphibians have a fixed lenses and
can not change focus. - Amphibians have no external ear.
24How they work together
25Circulatory System
- A three-chambered heart pumps blood through the
circulatory system which carries oxygen,
nutrients, and carries away waste products. - Amphibians are cold-blooded.
26Excretory System
- Excretion of liquid wastes produced in the liver
come from the kidneys which goes to the ureters.
Following this path it goes onto the bladder and
out of the body. - Excretion of solid wastes comes through the large
intestine, then onto the cloaca. (an opening to
allow such things to move through) - Both wastes leave through the cloaca and the
cloacavent.
27An Inside look at Amphibians
28Digestive system
- They have two large glands- liver and pancreas
pour digestive juices into small intestine. - Cloaca- Chamber that opens to outside of the
body. - The eggs, sperm, waste products pass through the
cloaca.
- Digestive system consist of intestine, stomach
and mouth. - The food is mixed and partially broken down into
stomach. - The digesting takes place in the small intestine,
than it gets absorbed.
29Amphibians are biomonitors?
- If environment is polluted, amphibians life cycle
will be messed up because they breathe with their
skin.(cutaneous respiration) Amphibians, can be
used as environmental sentinels or biomonitors
and act as an early warning system for the
quality of the environment and the potential
threats to other animals including ourselves.
30A brief review of key points...
31(No Transcript)
32A final thought
- Amphibians
- Watch Year of the Frog Campaign video on
hyperlink
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