Status, Application and Progressive Development of International and

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United Nations/Ukraine Workshop on Space Law
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Status, Application and Progressive Development
of International and National Space Law
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UN/Russian Federation/European Space Agency
Workshop on the Use of Micro-Satellite
Technologies for Environmental Monitoring and
Impact to Human Health 3-7 September 2007,
Kaluga (Tarusa), Russian Federation
Project of the Interstate Cosmic Program between
Russia and Uzbekistan on peaceful research and
use of the Earth and Space RUSSIAN INSTITUTE OF
SPACE DEVICE ENGINEERING CENTER OF SPACE
RESEARCH, UZBEK ACADEMY OF SCIENCE PRESENTED BY
I. IBRAGIMOV, CSR, AS RUz
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REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
SUFFA
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General Information

• Location Central Asia
• Geographic coordinates 41 00 N, 64 00 E
• Area 447,400 sq km
• Natural resources natural gas, petroleum,
  coal, gold, uranium, silver, copper, lead and
  zinc, tungsten, molybdenu
• Population 27 307 000 (July 2006 est.)
• Economy (major export earners) cotton and
  other agriculture production, color metals,
  gold, chemical fertilizers, natural gas and oil

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Space activity in Uzbekistan, before

• Development of space constructions and apparatus
  for research of Moon and planets, security
  systems of space apparatus, research in the
  sphere of space material
• Development of ground infrastructure, supply of
  space-vehicle launching site by the systems of
  ground and space communication
• Development of space devices, information
  security systems, special software products
• Production of the composite materials
  equipment for space and aviation

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Space activity in Uzbekistan, at present

• Remote Sensing and Geograficl Information System
• Global Satellite Navigation Systems for the
  different branches
• Application of space telecommunication systems
  for environmental security, monitoring of
  dangerous natural and anthropological phenomena
  and objects, telemedicine and distance education
• Creation of the International Radioobservatory
  on the Suffa Plato (Uzbekistan-Russia Agreement
  on 27.07.1995)

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The Agreement on strategic partnership between
the Russian Federation and Republic Uzbekistan,
2004

• 1. The strategic partnership aimed at
  maintenance of mutual safety, counteraction to
  global threats and calls, strengthening of
  regional stability, expansion of cooperation in
  political, economic and humanitarian spheres,
  forms a strong basis long-term and an all-around
  development of relations between Republic
  Uzbekistan and the Russian Federation.
• 7. One of the priority direction of the
  cooperation is
• - cooperation in realization of interstate
  space programs of research of the Earth and a
  space with use of an infrastructure available in
  the territory of a Republic Uzbekistan

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The Agreement on Union Relationsbetween the
Russian Federation and Republic Uzbekistan, 2005

• 6. The parties coordinate and unite the
  efforts directed on increase of efficiency of
  mechanisms of counteraction and neutralization of
  threats of the international terrorism, violent
  extremism, distribution of the weapon of mass
  destruction, illegal circulation of narcotics,
  psychotropic substances and those precursors, the
  weapon, the transnational organized crime, other
  displays of new threats and calls of safety.
• 12. The parties provide equal in rights and
  mutually advantageous cooperation in scientific
  and technical, power, financial, investment,
  bank, aviaconstruction, communication areas, in
  nuclear power, in sphere of information
  technologies, other spheres representing mutual
  interest, and according to the national
  legislation create for this purpose necessary
  favorable conditions.

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SUBPROGRAM I - Creation, operation and use of
objects of the space infrastructure located in
territory of Republic Uzbekistan

• SUFFA - creation, development and maintenance
  of the international radioobservatory on plateau
  Suffa.
• "Science" - researches of a space with use of a
  scientific complex on plateau Suffa.
• Majdanak" - maintenance, development and use of
  a network of quantum-optical stations for
  measurements and supervision over space vehicles.
  
• "Astronomy" - researches of a space with use of a
  scientific complex on mountain Majdanak

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SUBPROGRAM II Complex Projects of practical use
RS_at_GIS, Satellite Navigation and other modern
applied space technologies

• "Accuracy" - creation of system of precision
  satellite navigation of territory of Republic
  Uzbekistan
• "City" - creation of the automated system of
  maintenance of town-planning with use of space
  technologies
• "Pioneer" - creation of a mobile
  navigation-geodetic complex for geodetic and
  topographical works in territory of Republic
  Uzbekistan
• "Transport" - creation of the automated system of
  satellite monitoring and management of transport
  of Republic Uzbekistan
• "??hkanin" - creation of the automated system of
  satellite monitoring and management of
  agricultural activity of Republic Uzbekistan

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SUBPROGRAM II (continuation)

• "Basis" - creation of a uniform electronic
  cartographical basis and geoinformation system of
  Republic Uzbekistan.
• "Geology" - creation of the automated system of
  satellite monitoring of natural resources and
  preventions from landslides processes in
  territory of Republic Uzbekistan.
• "Petrogas" - creation of the automated system of
  satellite monitoring and management of an
  oil-and-gas complex of Republic Uzbekistan.
• "Ustyurt" - inspection and maintenance of use of
  area of falling of separated parts of
  rockets-carriers in territory of Karakalpakstan.
  
• "Space-UZ" - system researches of questions of
  creation and development of a national space
  infrastructure in interests of the decision of
  social and economic, scientific problems and
  maintenance of national safety of Republic
  Uzbekistan

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Project SUFFA, Outline

• The large-scale radio astronomy facility complex
  is being created on Suffa plateau (Uzbekistan,
  altitude 2500 m) according to the Russia
  Uzbekistan Agreement on constructing of the
  International Radio Astronomy Observatory SUFFA
  - IRAOS
• It will be a basic part of the VLBI and
  Earth-Space VLBI systems.
• IRAOS structure will be the follows
• - radio telescope RT-70 for 0.9 60 mm band 70
  m main reflector,
• - two removable sub-reflectors
• - satellite communication station
• - data receiving and processing system and other
  necessary infrastructure.
• The adaptive optics principle will be used for
  control the surface of the main mirror consisted
  of about 1200 trapezoid panels.

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Overview - I

• 1984 - project was started up
• 1992 - project was suspended after SU
  disappeared
• 1995 - Agreement was signed between Governments
  of Russia and Uzbekistan establishing "The
  International Radio Astronomy Observatory "Suffa"
  (IRAOS).
• This Agreement provides a legal basis for the
  continuation of the construction of the 70-m
  Suffa radio telescope which will belong to the
  IRAOS
• The duration of the Agreement is 99 years.
• The Agreement is open for joining by other
  States, international organizations, national
  scientific institutions or personalities from
  third states

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Overview - II

• 2001 - project was considerably updated and
  modernized
• 2007 start preliminary works for
  infrastructure (electricity, communications,
  water, heat, etc.)
• 2007-2008 renewal researches of optical and
  radio transparency
• 2008 2009 installing the radiotelescope
  RT-70
• 2010 term planned to put the radiotelescope
  into experimental operation
• 2011- first observations.
• This project is one of the most prominent
• for the new century radio astronomy

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Purpose of RT-70 radio telescope on Suffa

• 1.Radio Interferometer mode observations
• a) Ground based VLBI within the existed
  networks.
• b) Earth-Space Very Long Base Interferometry
  (ESVLBI)
• with space born radio telescopes (D 12 m) at
  angle
• resolution 100 better than ground based systems
• 2. Autonomous mode observations of astrophysical
  objects.
• 3. Geodynamic and geophysical problems.
• 4. Programme SETI targets.
• 5. Super long distance space apparatus navigation
  and operation

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Some main features of RT-70

• Optical arrangement two-mirror Gregory scheme
  (Feq571(345) m)
• with additional
  periscope mirror Dper0.6 m
• Primary mirror parabolic shaped D 70 m , F
  21 m,
• aperture angle
  160 deg
• Secondary mirror (s) ellipsoid shaped D3
  (5) m , IF 242 m
• Pointing accuracy 1 arc sec using special
  guide-builder and precise
• digital angle sensors
• Guiding accuracy 0.3? sec-1
• Operational wavelengths S-range (0.87 10 mm),
  M-range (1 10 cm), 7 (10) working bands
• Total construction weight 4500 tonnes

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1 - azimuth master 2, 3, 8 - laser position
measuring devices 4 - basic platform 5
- primary mirror 6 - secondary reflector 7 -
periscope mirror 9 - guide-builder (for
precise pointing) 10 - monitoring device
(controller) 11 - digital feedback
sensor
Sketch-section of RT-70 radiotelescope
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1 - laser position measuring devices 2 - basic
platform 3 - primary mirror 4 -
counter-reflector 5 - reference devices 6 -
electric jacks for reflecting panels 7 -
periscope mirror 8 - guide-builder
Sketch for RT-70 radio telescope primary mirror
shape fitting system
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• Preamble
• International principles of space activity
• History of the development and current state of
  the space research in Uzbekistan
• Priority directions of the development of space
  research and technologies in the Republic of
  Uzbekistan
• System of objects and tasks for the development
  of the space research and technologies
• Problematic questions of space research and ways
  of their solution
• Proves of the necessity of the creation and
  development of the regulation-legislation basis
  of space activity in Uzbekistan
• Development of international cooperation in the
  field of space activity

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Horizon shielding diagramat location of the
radio telescope in Suffa plateau
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Distribution of clear time in 1981-1991
general cloudiness
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Radio astroclimate and solar activity

• Now we are beginning activity to further explore
  the Suffa site more deep and to learn the main
  radio astroclimate parameters by means of a new
  technology
• radioseeing - radio transparency and stability
  in different submm, mm and cm bands
• PWV - their intercorrelation and correlation with
  meteoparameters and active processes on the Sun
  and heliosphere.
• It is necessary to study influence and
  interconnection with solar activity,
  magnetosphere-ionosphere disturbance, plasma
  waves, turbulence and radio conditions at the
  Suffa.
• The long term observations and measurements will
  be the main experimental materials and data base
  for the atmosphere-ionosphere modelling at the
  site to forecast the "radio-weather" for reliably
  planning the scientific schedule of the future
  telescope.

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Three forms of joining to this project

• 1. The participation in completing the complex
  Suffa. An immediate participation in
  completing the installation is encouraged and
  will give the preferences in future activities.
• 2. The participation in providing facilities by
  last generation receivers and other modern
  equipment. This might be started with
  participation in new site testing project radio
  astroclimate, correlation solar activity and
  radiotransparency, magnetosphere-ionosphere
  disturbance, plasma waves, turbulence and radio
  conditions at the Suffa.
• 3. Scientific collaboration with co-financing
  future operation of the radioobservatory RT-70
  and participation in scientific researches on
  that base.

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• Thank you