CSCE 101 Introduction to Computer Concepts

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CSCE 101 Introduction to Computer Concepts
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Lecturer

• Benito Mendoza
• E-mail mendoza2_at_engr.sc.edu
• Phone [phone]
• [phone]
• Meeting Time MW 125PM- 215PM (Sections 7, 8,
  and 9)
• TTH 1100AM-1150AM (Sections 10, 11, and 12)
• Office Hours
• M 1130 PM - 100 PM
• T 930 AM- 1100 AM
• (appointment for other time)
• Website www.cse.sc.edu/mendoza2/csce101/

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What youll learn in this semester

• Intro to Information Technology
• Application and System Software
• Hardware
• Networking and Telecommunication Basics
• Introductory Coverage of Programming
• Databases
• Number Systems
• Web Design

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Pattern of teaching

• Well have 50 minutes lectures sessions.
• Lectures will be focusing on theory
• 50 minutes of lab sessions
• Hands-on exercises will be given during labs
• Hands-on will be related to application programs,
  covering part of the features in HTML and MS
  Office (Word, Excel, Access, PowerPoint),
  programming languages and tools.
• With the following schedule

Section Schedule Instructor
007 F 125PM- 215PM Sombuddha Poddar
008 F 230PM- 320PM Ryan Yandle
009 TH 200PM- 250PM Ryan Yandle
010 W 1115AM-1205PM Alicia Ruvinsky
011 W 1220PM- 110PM Maryam Jafari-Lafti
012 W 125PM- 215PM Alicia Ruvinsky
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Assessment

• Homework/Quizzes 10, Lab 30, 2 Tests 40 (20
  each), Final Exam 20
• The lowest homework/quiz grade will be dropped.
• Exams are typically a combination of true/false
  ( 35 of total points) and short answer
  questions ( 65 of total points). The exams are
  not trivial and require thorough understanding of
  the course material.
• A cumulative make-up test/quiz will be given at
  the end of the semester for students who have
  legitimate excuses confirmed before hand with the
  instructor.
• Absolutely no late work is accepted except for
  documented emergencies.
• The quality of your work and overall effort will
  greatly affect your assignment grades.
• You must pass the lab to pass the course. In
  other words, you cannot pass the course if you
  fail the lab even if you have a passing grade for
  the lecture part of the course.

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Frequently asked questions

• Is CSCE101 an easy course?
• How about textbook?

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Chapter 1 Expected Outcome

• After this lecture, students are expected to be
  able to
• Understand what being computer savvy means
• Describe the roles of computer in daily life.
• Name the different types of computer and briefly
  describe their common use.
• Describe what are software and hardware with
  examples.
• Name the hardware (Input / Output / Process /
  Storage / Communication) found in typical
  computer and briefly explain their respective
  usage.
• Give examples on the major types of computer
  abuse.

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Ubiquitous / Pervasive Computing
1. USB Darts (Engadget) 2. USB Eye Massager
(Engadget) 3. Flying Alarm (Sleeptracker) 4. USB
Slippers (Thanko) 5. Transparent Toaster
(Inventables) 6. Spoon (Makezine) 7. USB Gloves
(USBGeek) 8. Origami DVD Player (Inventables) 9.
Scented MP3 Player (Akihabanews) 10. Roomba
(IRobot)
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Pervasive Computing

• Effects of pervasive computing
• Information overload
• Lesser use of memory surge is multitasking
• Privacy concerns
• Smart dumb mobs

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The Net Generation

• Characteristics of Netgeners
• Staying connected is essential
• Multitasking is a way of life
• Students are impatient and results-oriented (e.g.
  doing rather than listening)
• They gravitate towards group activity
• Being Computer Savvy
• Computer literacy
• Know how to make better buying decisions, fix
  ordinary computer problems, upgrade hardware and
  integrate it with new products, use the Internet
  most effectively, protect yourself against cyber
  villains, advance your career using IT
• What is the worse computer problem youve
  encountered?
• What intimidates you the most about computers?

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Information Technology (IT)

• Computer Technology
• Programmable, multiuse machines that accept data
  and process it into information
• Speeds up problem solving and increases
  productivity
• There are various categories of computers with
  respect to their size and the way in which they
  are used
• Communications Technology
• Electromagnetic devices and systems for
  communication over long distances
• Allows for transmission of data over various
  mediums in a wired (e.g. via cables) or wireless
  (e.g. via IR and RF signals) manner

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How is IT being used in Education?

• 99 of schools have internet access
• 85 of college students own their own computer
• ¾ of college students use the internet 4 or more
  hours per week
• ½ of all college professors require students to
  use email in their classes
• Many college classes are either taught online or
  have a class website
• Distance Learning is online education

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Health High Tech for Wellness

• Health websites provide medical information
• Telemedicine Medical care via telecommunications
  lets doctors treat patients from far away
• 3D Computer models allow accurate tumor location
  inside a skull
• Robots permit precise microsurgery
• Handheld computers allow patients to measure
  blood sugar
• Medical implants allow stroke patients to
  directly control computers to talk for them

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Money Cashless Society?

• Virtual means something that is created,
  simulated, or carried on by means of a computer
  or a computer network
• Virtual airline tickets
• Virtual money
• Online bill paying
• PayPal
• Electronic payroll deposit
• Micropayments for online music

How important is security if all your money is
virtual?
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How computers change our life?

• Communication
• (Long dist. phone v.s. Skype 11-gtMM)
• Gathering after school -gt icq -gt msn
• Entertainment (cinema -gt DVD / youtube)
• Project/Reports (paper-based -gt doc / ppt)
• Activities in daily life
• News http//www.cnn.com
• Banking http//ww.bankofamerica.com
• Shopping http//www.amazon.com http//www.ebay.
  com/

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Communications
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Communications
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Media / Entertainment
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Media / Entertainment

• Computer graphics is used in films nowadays
• To replace expensive physical models
• Objects can be duplicated easily
• Shorten the time-to-market
• Examples
• Jurassic Park
• Terminator

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IT in Government Democracy

• Governments cant control information
• Individuals can find multiple viewpoints on
  internet
• Email makes it easier to contact the government
• Competing websites promote criticize
  politicians
• www.whitehouse.gov
• www.whitehouse.org
• Blogs are a tool for political candidates

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Jobs Careers

• Hotels Desk clerks use computerized reservations
  systems
• Law Enforcement Officers use computers
• On patrol
• To check stolen cars
• To check criminal records
• To check arrest warrants
• Entertainment
• Office uses like budgets, payroll, ticketing
• Also virtual set design, 3-D animation, special
  effects

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Jobs Careers

• Office careers Budget, payroll, letter-writing,
  email
• Teaching Automated grading systems, emailing
  parents
• Fashion Sales/inventory control systems,
  ordering, personnel
• Job-hunting
• Use word processor to create resumes
• Post resumes online
• Online job searches
• Can you think of a career that does NOT require
  computer skills?

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The Telephone Grows Up

• 1973 First cellphone call
• 2006 Nokia estimates 2 billion mobile phone
  subscribers
• Todays cellphones
• Are mobile
• Can take and send pictures
• Can connect to the internet
• Can send and receive text messages

Why are cellphones banned in high-security
military bases?
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Internet, World Wide Web, Cyberspace

• Internet
• The worldwide computer network
• Links thousands of smaller networks
• Links educational, commercial, military entities,
  and individuals
• Originally developed to share only text and
  numeric data

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Internet, World Wide Web, Cyberspace

• World Wide Web
• The multimedia part of the internet
• An interconnected system of servers that support
  specially formatted documents in multimedia form
• Includes text, still images, moving images, sound
• Responsible for the growth and popularity of the
  internet

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Internet, World Wide Web, Cyberspace

• Cyberspace
• Term coined by William Gibson in Neuromancer
  (1984)
• Described a futuristic computer network people
  plugged into directly with their brains
• Now means
• The web
• Chat rooms
• Online diaries (blogs)
• The wired and wireless communications world

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Whats so special about computer?

• What makes computer different from other machines
  is that

Computer runs program!
By changing the program (instructions), the same
computer can be used to perform different function
(Thats why X-Box can be hacked to run Linux OS)
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Moores Law

• It is an empirical observation attributed to
  Gordon Moore, a co-founder of Intel
• The number of transistors on integrated circuits
  (a rough measure of computer processing power)
  doubles every 18 months
• Why and for how long will it hold?
• How fast will our computers become?
• Does processor improvement always yield a faster
  computer?

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The 5 types of ComputersAll Computers, Great
Small The Categories of Machines

• Supercomputers
• Mainframes
• Workstations
• Microcomputers
• Microcontrollers

Supercomputer
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Supercomputer

• Fastest, most powerful, most expensive among the
  categories
• Priced from 1 million to 350 million
• Suitable for intensive calculations and
  processing
• High-capacity machines with thousands of
  processors
• Multi-user systems
• To learn more about one, go to http//www.llnl.gov
  /asc/computing_resources/bluegenel/bluegene_home.h
  tml

Example Application weather maps, construction
of atom bombs, finding oil, earthquake
prediction, etc.
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The 5 types of ComputersAll Computers, Great
Small The Categories of Machines

• Supercomputers
• Mainframes
• Workstations
• Microcomputers
• Microcontrollers

Mainframe
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Mainframes
mainframes support more simultaneous programs.
But supercomputers can execute a single program
faster than a mainframe

• Until late 1960s, the only computer available
• Allows hundreds of people to have simultaneous
  computer usage
• Multi-user systems accessed using a terminal
• Processing speed gt 1,000,000,000,000
  instructions per second
• Cost 5,000 - 5 million
• Terminals only have a keyboard and monitor cant
  be used alone
• To see one, go to
• http//www3.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/

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The 5 types of ComputersAll Computers, Great
Small The Categories of Machines

• Supercomputers
• Mainframes
• Workstations
• Microcomputers
• Microcontrollers

Workstation Sun Ultra450

• Expensive, powerful computers usually used for
  complex scientific, mathematical, and engineering
  calculations and for computer-aided design and
  computer-aided manufacturing.
• Workstations provide capabilities comparable to
  midsize mainframes.

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The 5 types of ComputersAll Computers, Great
Small The Categories of Machines

• Supercomputers
• Mainframes
• Workstations
• Microcomputers
• Microcontrollers

HP Compaq Business d220 tower microcomputer
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The 5 types of ComputersAll Computers, Great
Small The Categories of Machines

• Supercomputers
• Mainframes
• Workstations
• Microcomputers
• Microcontrollers

Compaq Evo desktop microcomputer
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The 5 types of ComputersAll Computers, Great
Small The Categories of Machines
Apple i-Mac computer

• Supercomputers
• Mainframes
• Workstations
• Microcomputers
• Microcontrollers

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The 5 types of ComputersAll Computers, Great
Small The Categories of Machines

• Supercomputers
• Mainframes
• Workstations
• Microcomputers
• Microcontrollers

Laptop computer
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The 5 types of ComputersAll Computers, Great
Small The Categories of Machines

• Supercomputers
• Mainframes
• Workstations
• Microcomputers
• Microcontrollers

• Personal Digital Assistant (PDA)
• Perform simple tasks
• Small screen
• Input and output ?

Personal Digital Assistant
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The 5 types of ComputersAll Computers, Great
Small The Categories of Machines

• Supercomputers
• Mainframes
• Workstations
• Microcomputers
• Microcontrollers

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How about Servers ?

• Server is not the name of a type of computer
• Generic definition Server is the party providing
  service and Client is the party requesting
  service
• For Example
• Server - a machine which stores your email / web
  page
• Clients - PCs, workstations which access mail /
  webpage (e.g. running I.E.)

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Roles of Computers

• The client-server model
• Server central computer that holds collections
  of data programs
• Processes requests from clients
• Must be able to handle load
• E.g. web, e-mail, and file servers
• Client PCs, workstations, and other devices that
  issue requests and receive data and services from
  servers
• Features
• Highly structured
• Server is a centralized point of failure

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Roles of Computers

• The peer-to-peer (P2P) model
• Peer client server
• Various degrees of distribution of load and tasks
  including the indexed (e.g. Napster), hybrid, and
  pure P2P (e.g. Gnutella) models
• Features
• Pooling of resources
• No single point of failure
• Flexible structure
• Reliability, trust, and privacy concerns
• Some P2P Systems
• BitTorrent
• Freenet

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How Computers WorkConcept 1

• The purpose of the computer is to process data
  into information
• Data raw facts and figures
• Information data that has been summarized or
  otherwise manipulated for use in decision making

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How Computers Work - Concept 2Computers consist
of hardware and software.

• Hardware
• All the machinery and equipment in a computer
  system

• Software
• All the instructions that tell the computer how
  to perform a task

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How Computers WorkConcept 3
All computers perform the same five basic tasks
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How Computers Work - Concept 3All computers
follow the same five basic operations.

• Input
• Processing
• Storage
• Output
• Communications

Keyboard
Thanks to the improvement of technology. Wireless
version is more common
Mouse
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How Computers Work - Concept 3All computers
follow the same five basic operations.

• Input
• Processing
• Storage
• Output
• Communications

Case or system cabinet
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How Computers Work - Concept 3All computers
follow the same five basic operations.

• Input
• Processing
• Storage
• Output
• Communications

Processor chip
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How Computers Work - Concept 3All computers
follow the same five basic operations.

1. Input
2. Processing
3. Storage
4. Output
5. Communications

Motherboard
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How Computers Work - Concept 3All computers
follow the same five basic operations.

• Primary storage (memory) - RAM
• Computer circuitry that temporarily holds data
  waiting to be processed
• Secondary storage (storage) -
• The area in the computer where data or
  information is held permanently

• Input
• Processing
• Storage
• Output
• Communications

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How Computers Work - Concept 3All computers
follow the same five basic operations.

1. Input
2. Processing
3. Storage
4. Output
5. Communications

Memory chips
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How Computers Work - Concept 3All computers
follow the same five basic operations.

• Input
• Processing
• Storage
• Output
• Communications

Floppy disk
Zip disk
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How Computers Work - Concept 3All computers
follow the same five basic operations.

• Input
• Processing
• Storage
• Output
• Communications

Hard-disk drive
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How Computers Work - Concept 3All computers
follow the same five basic operations.

• Input
• Processing
• Storage
• Output
• Communications

CD drive
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How Computers Work - Concept 3All computers
follow the same five basic operations.

• Input
• Processing
• Storage
• Output
• Communications

Flash Memory and USB Drive
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How Computers Work - Concept 3All computers
follow the same five basic operations.

• Input
• Processing
• Storage
• Output
• Communications

Sound card
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How Computers Work - Concept 3All computers
follow the same five basic operations.

• Input
• Processing
• Storage
• Output
• Communications

Speakers
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How Computers Work - Concept 3All computers
follow the same five basic operations.

• Input
• Processing
• Storage
• Output
• Communications

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How Computers Work - Concept 3All computers
follow the same five basic operations.

• Input
• Processing
• Storage
• Output
• Communications

Monitor
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How Computers Work - Concept 3All computers
follow the same five basic operations.

• Input
• Processing
• Storage
• Output
• Communications

Printer
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How Computers Work - Concept 3All computers
follow the same five basic operations.

• Input
• Processing
• Storage
• Output
• Communications

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You still need the software!System Software and
Application Software

• System software
• Helps the computer perform essential operating
  tasks and enables the application software to run
• (Resource Manager)
• and

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You still need the software! System Software vs.
Application Software

• Application software
• Enables you to perform specific tasks. e.g
• Word Processing
• Photo Editing
• Creating web pages
• Computer Games

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Building Your Own PC

• What would you need?
• Keyboard Mouse
• Inside the system cabinet
• Case and power supply
• Processor chip the Central Processor Unit (CPU)
• Memory chips Random Access Memory (RAM)
• Motherboard the system board
• Memory chips plug in
• Processor chip plugs in
• Motherboard attaches to system cabinet
• Power supply is connected to system cabinet
• Power supply wire is connected to motherboard
• Storage Hardware Floppy, Hard Drive, Zip,
  CD/DVD, USB

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Building Your Own PC

• Storage Hardware Floppy, Hard Drive, Zip,
  CD/DVD, USB
• Storage capacity is represented in bytes
• 1 byte 1 character of data
• 1 kilobyte 1,024 characters
• 1 megabyte 1,048,576 characters
• 1 gigabyte over 1 billion characters
• 1 terabyte over 1 trillion characters
• 1 petabyte about 1 quadrillion characters
• Permanently installed floppy drives, hard
  drives, Zip drives, CD/DVD drives, USB ports
• Removable media floppy disks, Zip disks, CDs,
  DVDs, flash drives

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Building Your Own PC

• Output hardware
• Video and sound cards
• Monitor
• Speakers
• Printer
• Joystick
• Communications hardware
• Modem (internal or external)
• Network Card

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Software

• System Software (Operating System)
• Must be installed before application software
• Operating System (OS) options for the PC
• Linux
• Windows
• Unix
• Operating System (OS) options for the Mac
• Mac OS
• Application Software
• Install after the OS
• Application depends on OS, for example
• Linux applications wont work on Windows
• Windows applications wont work on Linux

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Future of Information Technology

• 3 directions of Computer Development
• Miniaturization
• Speed
• Affordability
• 3 directions of Communications Development
• Connectivity
• Interactivity
• Multimedia

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Convergence, Portability, Personalization

• Convergence the combination of
• Computers
• Consumer electronics
• Entertainment
• Mass media
• Portability
• Collaboration software that allows
• People to share anything instantly
• People to enhance the information as they forward
  it