SURFACE VS UNDERGROUND MINING SPECIALLY FOR THAR FIELD

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SURFACE VS UNDERGROUND MINING SPECIALLY FOR
THAR FIELD
By ENGR. MUHAMMAD KHALID PERVAIZPRESIDENT
INSTITUTE OF MINING ENGINEERS PAKISTAN
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MINERAL

• Free occurring substance in the crust of earth
  having economic significance.
• All operations connected with the discovery,
  exploration and exploitation of minerals called
  mining.
• Mining Methods vary depending upon the location
  of minerals their characteristics as well as
  characteristics of the associated rocks.
• Access to minerals if made through underground
  passage deploys underground mining method.
• Non-underground mining method is called surface
  mining method.

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Choice of mining methods

• The size and shape of ore body
• Depth and type of over burden
• Location, strike and dip of deposit
• The strength and physical character of the
  mineral
• Water and Drainage absence/presence of water.
• In case of metallic mineral the grade and type of
  ore in other economic factors.

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THARROAD TO PROSPERITY
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COALFIELDS IN SINDH - MAP
Lakhra KHI 193 km
Badin KHI 192 km
Sonda KHI 150 km
Metting Jhimpir KHI 200 km
Thar KHI 380 km
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Highlights of Thar Coalfield
6. Thar Coal Analysis

• Coal Quality Lignite A-B
• Moisture (AR) 46.77
• Ash (AR) 6.24
• Volatile Matter (AR) 23.42
• Fixed Carbon (AR) 16.66
• Sulphur (AR) 1.16
• Heating Value (Av.) 5,774 Btu./Lb.

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BLOCKS
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INVESTIGATED BLOCKS AT THAR
Shenhua Block Area 50 sq.km.
B
C
A
D
Rheinbraun Block Area 20 sq.km.
Investigated Blocks and Shenhua Group/RE Blocks
at Thar coal-field
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GEOLOGICAL PROFILE
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THAR COAL-FIELD (INVESTIGATED BLOCKS)
Block-wise deposits
Block Area (sq. km.) Drill Holes Reserves (Million Tonnes)
Block-I 122 41 3,566
Block-II 55 43 1,584
Block-III 99.5 41 2,006
Block-IV 80 42 2,599
Sub-total 356.5 167 9,715
Rest of coalfield 8,643.5 50 165,791
Total 9,000 217 175,506
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THAR LIGNITE GENERAL HYDROLOGICAL SECTION
Pressure head of base aquifer
Dune Sand Aquifer
Dune sand Coal formation Base
aquifer basement
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THAR AQUIFER PARAMETERS
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Base Aquifer, Pressure Head Today
Full extension of aquifer not shown and not known
Possible mining area
Islamkot
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LOCATION
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OPEN-PIT MINE
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STRIP MINING
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STRIPPING BREAK EVEN STRIPPING RATIO
Striping Ratio Over Burden Actually Removed Mineral Produced
Break even stripping Ratio CO CM SCW
CO Total operating cost/ unit volume
CM Cost of Excavation/ unit volume of Minerals
CW Cost of Excavation of unit volume of waste/ overburden
S Strip Ratio
CO CM
CW
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BUCKET WHEEL EXCAVATORSLARGEST TERRESTRIAL
MACHINESIN THE WORLD
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BUCKET WHEEL EXCAVATORS
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Bucket Wheel Excavator Operating in an Open-Pit
Mine
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Dozer stuck in a Bucket Wheel Excavator
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Dozer stuck in a Bucket Wheel Excavator
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AN IDEAL SHAFT SINKING
UNDERGROUND MINING
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BASHIRO-JO-TAR

• Desert of Thar
• Locate Tharo-Jo Tar
• The tearful rocks
• The fierceful falls
• Lo Bashir be careful of Blast
• Lest We forget
• And Before We Sweat

• Deviation of shaft progress is lost
• Caving of sand and flood of water
• OH, shaft the shower of Thar
• Vibration So Produced
• Tend to induce cracks in the wall
• Aggravating the fall
• Operate the Pump
• Dewater the Well
• How comes a Shaft A Well

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BASHIRO-JO-TAR

• Visualize The Position
• When Sponsors not in Position
• Who cares for progress or pace
• Prestige, honor or loss of face
• Who gained, who lost
• Forget not to place on record

• Budget or Advice,Purchase of Device
• Payment to Bashir shall sees at all.
• Farewell to those positioned at Thar
• Bid well to Tharo-Jo-Tar
• Mission or Goal, gathering or Workshop
• Pledge to serve the nations cause

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BASHIRO-JO-TAR

• Assembled today at Chak Shahzad
• We the geo-scientist pray to God
• No more shower in the shaft
• Well turns back to shaft

• Infuse thy knowledge to reach coal
• Free from Water and bore hole
• Good luck Oh! Saien Bashir
• Complete Business before u flee
• Touch the coal among sweets