Top Down Function Analysis

1
Top Down Function Analysis

• Aligning Jobs to Organizational Missions

2
Purpose

• Define TDFA
• A foundation for Human Systems Integration
• A glue that ties systems acquisition elements
  together
• Who can use it?
• Human Systems Engineering to include Training
• Systems Engineering
• Test and Evaluation
• Logistics
• Project Management -- audit trail

3
What is TDFA?

• Top Down Function Analysis (TDFA) is a systems
  engineering approach to the Human Systems
  Integration (HSI) task of defining and
  integrating human performance requirements with
  the system design process.
• TDFA helps organizations align jobs to missions

4
What is Human Systems Integration?
5
Why Do HSI? DOD Policy
DoD INSTR 5000.2 Encl. 7, Para E7.2 The PM shall
take steps to ensure human factors/cognitive
engineering is employed during systems
engineering over the life cycle to provide for
effective human-machine interfaces and to meet
HSI requirements.
DoD INSTR 5000.2, Encl. 7, Para E7.1. The PM
shall have a comprehensive plan for HSI n place
early in the acquisition process to optimize
total system performance, minimize total
ownership costs, and ensure that the system is
built to accommodate the characteristics of the
user population .
DoD INSTR 5000.2 Encl. 7, Para E7.6 The PM
shall develop options for individual, collective,
and joint training for operators, maintainers and
support personnel and, where appropriate, base
training decisions on training effectiveness
evaluations. The PM shall develop system plans
to maximize the use of new learning technology,
simulation techniques, embedded training
Department of Defense (DOD) Policy
6
Why Do HSI? - Navy Policy
SECNAVINST 5000.2C, Para 5.2.3.5.9 Human Systems
Integration The PM shall ensure that HSI costs
(MPT, HFE, safety, occupational health and
habitability) and impacts are adequately
considered, weighted, and integrated with other
engineering and logistics elements beginning at
program initiation.
SECNAVINST 5000.2C Para 4.5.4.2 Manpower
Estimates are required by statute for ACAT I
programs
SECNAVINST 5000.2C Para 5.2.3.5.9.5 A Navy
Training Systems Plan shall be prepared as a
program planduring Phase B, and updated as
appropriate throughout the systems life-cycle.
Department of the Navy Policy
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Benefits of TDFA

• Provides traceability of human performance and
  resource requirements to missions (organizational
  or system)
• Influences system or organization design to
  optimize human performance and resource
  requirements
• Provides means for Human System Integration to
  participate in the systems engineering process
• Insures employee activities are accounted for in
  mission
• Facilitates measurement of HSI impacts of design
  decisions
• Provides comprehensive, validated performance
  requirements (Mission, Functions, Tasks) that all
  human analysis disciplines can use for design
  decision making (HSI, Training, Manpower,
  Logistics, Publications, etc.)

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Planning for Optimal Readiness
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The Big Picture of Human Performance/Human
Systems Integration
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Training System Design

• A similar process is used to allocate functional
  requirements to the Training System. A systems
  approach is used to identify Training System
  Alternatives (TSALTs), which result in optimal
  media selections.

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Identify the tasks that require training
Requirements Analysis
D1 I 2 F 3 SD N T1
3 1 2 7 T2 1
2 2 5 T3 3 3 1
8 TN 2 2 2 6
Requirements Loop
Match requirements to capabilities of Media

• ID Functions
• Decompose Function
• Analyze Tasks
• Allocate Reqts

Test and Evaluation
Functional Analysis/Allocation
Media Analysis/Allocation
NASM Models
M1 M 2 M 1
HS N A1 X X
X A2 X A3
X X AN
X X
Design Loop
Develop alternative training systems for review
Aircraft
Decision Database
Synthesis
Air Frame
Engine
Comm
Human
Baselines
Specifications
Support System
Functional (System)
System
Product (Detail)
Process
Item Perf
Sim
P/T Trainer
Laptop
EPSS
Allocated (Perf)
Acquire a human performance support system that
meets needs on the job
Material
Item Detail
Human Perf
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
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Primary TDFA Methodology Steps
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
Interface
Interface
Interface
Interface
Concepts
Concepts
Concepts
Concepts
and Designs
and Designs
and Designs
and Designs
2.0
2.0
8.0
2.0
8.0
2.0
8.0
8.0
5.0
1.0
Human
4.0
5.0
1.0
Human
4.0
3.0
3.0
Performance,
1.0
Human
4.0
5.0
Performance,
1.0
Human
4.0
5.0
3.0
3.0
Performance,
Performance,
Mission
Performance
Task Design
Mission
Performance
Task Design
Function
Function
Function
Function
Workload and
Mission
Performance
Function
Task Design
Workload and
Mission
Performance
Function
Task Design
Function
Function
Workload and
Workload and
Analysis
Goals
and Analysis
Analysis
Goals
and Analysis
Analysis
Allocation
Analysis
Allocation
Training
Analysis
Goals
and Analysis
Training
Analysis
Goals
and Analysis
Analysis
Allocation
Analysis
Allocation
Training
Training
Analysis
Analysis
Estimation
Analysis
Estimation
Analysis
Estimation
Estimation
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
Crew/Team
Crew/Team
Crew/Team
Crew/Team
Concepts
Concepts
Concepts
Concepts
and Designs
and Designs
and Designs
and Designs
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
User and
User and
User and
User and
Requirements
Requirements
Requirements
Requirements
Review
Review
Review
Review
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Example Mission, Function, Task
PREPARE PRESENT BRIEFING
PREPARE DETAILED SPREADSHEET
Missions
System Microsoft Office Suite
POWERPOINT
EXCEL
PREPARE DETAILED GRAPHS DATA
System Functions
PREPARE BRIEFING
SW
SW
HW
HW
Function Allocation (Hardware Software Tasks)
Auto Format Text
Display Spreadsheet
Auto Sum Data
Display Slide
Human Tasks
Enter Briefing Outline
Enter Cell Formula
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Aerial Common Sensor (ACS) TDFA Hierarchy
Missions
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
ARMY
NAVY
CONOPS
CONOPS
Requirements
Scenario 1
Scenario 2
SYSTEMS ON BOARD
Functions
Systems (automated)
Human(s)
Human(s)
Design Synthesis HSI Implications
Engineering Solutions
Soldier
Sailor
Other
Other
Abilities
Knowledge
Abilities
Knowledge
Skills
Skills
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Total System Approach to Design

• Top Down Function Analysis (TDFA) Government
  Role (Upper Management)
• Defines Mission and Vision
• Establishes audit trail to missions (METs)
• Defines Notional Missions of Organization/System
• Establishes System Functions
• Provides High-Level Notional Tasks
• Bottom-Up Task Analysis
• Contractor Role (Functional Managers)
• Establishes work processes
• Provides detailed tasks related to specific jobs/
  systems
• Pilot Task Analyses
• Operator Task Analyses
• Maintenance Task Analyses