The organs:

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Introduction

• The organs
• - Paired of Ovaries (Gonads).
• - paired of Uterine tube (oviduct).
• - Uterus (metrium) .
• - Vagina.
• -Vestibule and Vulva.
• Reproductive track is surrounding by The
  Peritoneum which form the Broad Ligament.

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ovary

• - Ovary round in shape or oval ,may nodular.
• - function
• - maturation of the female germ cells.
• - hormone production .
• - visceral peritoneal covering of the ovary
  called superficial epithelium .
• - tunica albuginia is a condensed connective
  tissue underlying the epithelium of ovary .

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Ovary
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Ovary divide into

• - Cortex
• - outer zone of the ovary .(opposite in
  mare ).
• - composed of follicles ,corpora
  lutea,connective tissue.
• - Medulla
• - central area of ovary. opposite in mare
  ).
• - contain blood vessels,nerves,lymphatics,s
  mooth muscles, and connective tissue.

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- In bitch ,queen and mare ,ovary located caudal
to the kidney in the sublumbar region .- Cow
,ewe, and sow at pelvic inlet.- Ovulation fossa
its central depression in the mares ovary where
ovulation takes place.
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Uterine tube

• - or oviduct, fallopian tube .
• - run from ovary to the tip of uterine horn.
• - convey the oocyte or fertilized egg from ovary
  to the uterus .
• - site of fertilization .
• - compose from
• - infundibulum, ampulla and isthmus.
• - there are opening in the uterine tube open in
  the center of the infundibulum, it only opening
  of peritoneal cavity (not in male ).

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• - Fimbriae is - irregular , finger-like
  projection on free edge of infundibulum .
• - it pick up the oocyte and direct it to the
  infundibulum .
• -infundibulum
• is expanded ,funnel-shaped ovarian end of the
  uterine tube .

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Ovarian tube
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Ovarian tube

• - Ampulla-
• Middle part .
• has large diameter compared to isthmus.
• Where the Fertilization process occurs .
• - Isthmus
• The part closet to Uterine Horn and
  connected to it.
• Thicker than the Ampulla.

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Ovarian tube

• Tow Junction
• 1. Ampullary-isthemaic Junction
• between the Ampulla's and the Isthmus.
• 2. Uterotubal Junction (salpinogouterine)
• between the Ampulla's and the Uterine Horn.
• is Gradual in Ruminant and Pigs .

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Uterine tube
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Ovarian tube
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• -uterine horn
• -two musculomembranous extension of the
  uterine body .
• -located entirely in the abdomen .
• -Dogs and sow have very long horns compared to
  the body .
• -mare short horns equal to the uterine body .
• -cow and ewe
• long horn and short body .
• end of the uterine horn are coiled up
  like ram horns and continue back parallel to each
  other .
• there intercornual ligaments(dorsal
  and
• ventral )giving false impression of a long
  uterine body .

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Long horn and short body
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short horns equal to the uterine body
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dog
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sow genitalia

have very long horns compared to the body
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Uterus - highly expanded tubular organ .-
where the embryo or fetus developed .- compose
from - uterine horn . - body. -
cervix. - cervical canal .
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Uterine Body - between the cervix and uterine
horns.- open into uterine horns and cervix .-
lies dorsal to urinary bladder and ventral to the
descending colon and rectum .
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Uterus - Functions

• Sperm transport
• Nourish early embryo
• Site of embryo implantation
• Expulsion of fetus and fetal placenta
• Secretion of PGF2a in absence of fetus

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• Bicornuate uterus
• 1.this type in Ruminant.
• 2. have long Uterine horns and small Uterine
  Body.

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Cervix- constricted caudal part of the uterus
joining the uterus to the vagina . -usually
located in pelvic cavity .- have rings cow
3-4 rings . dog 5 rings . ewe 6-7 rings
Cervix Function -Isolates uterus and fetus
from external environment -Passage for
sperm -Sperm filter -Sperm reservoir
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Cervical canal

• - Canal through cervix ,secrete mucous .
• - have internal uterine ostium and external
  uterine ostium .
• - closed except during estrous and birth.
• - in mare and dogs there a simple cervix bulging
  into the vagina ( portio vaginalis ) form
  distinct vaginal recess or fornix.
• - in cow and ewe there very long cervix have
  transverse folds called spiral fold to
  interdigitate.
• - in sow ther a mound in canal called pulvini.

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Cervix
spiral fold to interdigitate
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Vagina

• -between cervix and vulva .
• -with vestibule and vulva form
• female coupulatory organ .
• birth canal .
• Hymen vestigial ,mucosal fold at the junction
  of the vagina and the vestibule .
• - Vaginal fornix (mare sow)cranioventral recess
  formed by cervix bulging into vagina , in cow and
  ewe have craniodorsal recess.

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-by vaginal smear we can determine the stage of
estrous .
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Vestibule

• - common part between urinary and genital system
• - connect vagina to the vulva .
• in mare and bitch vagina there organized
  erectile venous plexuses in vestibular walls
  called vestibular bulbs.
• - vestibular gland open in vestibule and
  lubricate the reproductive organ .
• - cow , queen, and ewe have major vestibular
  glands called (glands of bartholin).
• -bitch ,mare, (ewe), and sow have minor
  vestibular glands.

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• -external urethral orifice
• the urethral opening at the vaginovestibular
  junction.
• - female urethra is a tube transporting urine
  from urinary bladder to vestibule through
  external urethral orifice.
• - urethral muscle skeletal muscle covering the
  lateral and ventral sides of the urethra
• - in dog open on a papilla called urethral
  tubercle.
• - in sow and cow there suburethral diverticulum
  which is a blind pocket cranial ? and ventral to
  the external urethral opening .

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Suburethral diverticulum of ruminant
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Blood supply
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Vulva

• -The external orifice that terminate the genital
  tract .
• Labia
• -there right and left lips of the vulva .
• -vulver cleft opening between the labia leading
  into vestibule .
• - The Labia tow Labia
• 1. Labia minora
• Inner folds , Small in ruminant .
• 2. Labia majora
• Outer folds , Externally

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vulver cleft
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Innervation

• Both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves
  supply the genital tract.
• Innervations to the ovary by Sympathetic nerves
  from the aortiocorenal plexuses .
• Innervations to the uterine tube by Sympathetic
  nerves from the aortiocorenal plexuses .
• Innervations to the uterus by Sympathetic
  innervation arrives via the right and left
  Hypogastric n. which extend from the caudal
  mesenteric plexus to the pelvic plexus.

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Innervation

• Innervation to the Vulva
• Autonomic innervation
• Both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves
  supply the vulva, extend from the Pelvic Plexus.
• Somatic innervation
• pudendal and GenitoFemoral nerves provide
  somatic sensory innervation to the Labia .

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Clitoris

• -homologue to male penis .
• -located in the ventral commissure of the vulva .
• -have left and right crura attached to ischiatic
  arch .
• -two crura form body of clitoris .
• -clitoris have glans which is the only exposed
  part .
• -clitoris lies in clitoris fossa surrounded by
  clitoral prepuce.
• -os clitoris a homologue os penis found in bitch
  .

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Innervation

• Innervation to the Clitoris
• the Dorsal nerve of the Clitoris (branch of
  pudendal nerve ) provide somatic sensory
  innervation .

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Broad ligament

• -fold of connecting peritoneum ,connecting the
  visceral peritoneum of the female reproductive
  tract to the parietal peritoneum of the abdominal
  wall.
• -in cow is attached along the pelvic inlet ,not
  to the dorsolateral abdominal wall.
• Subdivided into mesovarium, mesosalpinx, and
  mesometrium.
• -mesovarium cranial part of the broad ligament
  attaching the ovary to the dorsolateral abdominal
  wall.
• -blood supply to ovary travel through it .
• -in dog proper ligament of ovary which it the
  caudal continuation of the mesovarium cranial
  free edge connecting the ovary to the end of
  uterine horn .

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• -in dog there suspensory ligament of the ovary
  which is the mesovarium s cranial free edge
  attaching the ovary to the last rip.
• -mesosalpinx the lateral fold arising from the
  mesovarium that hold the uterine tube between its
  two layers .
• -not attached directly to the abdominal wall.
• -small slit found in mesosalpinx of dog but cover
  all the ovary .
• -in cow ,sow and mare it is less extensive ,just
  draping over the ovary .
• -mesovarium and mesosalpinx form small peritoneal
  cavity into which projects the ovary called
  ovarian bursa .

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dog
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• Mesometrium
• - attaching the uterine horns and body to the
  dorsolateral body wall .
• - round ligament of the uterus the caudal
  continuation of the proper ligament of the ovary
  ,extends through the inguinal canal .
• - Blood supply to uterus traveling through it .