Title: Today
1Health
- Today
- 3 theories on health
- Societal Causes
- Preventable Death
Success builds character. Failure reveals it.
Dave Checketts, past owner of New York Nicks
2Extra Credit Options on Website
- All extra credit due May 29th/ 30th (1 week
before finals) - Must be typed and handed in, not e-mailed
- Study guide for final will be available 1 week
prior to final - (20 questions, not cumulative)
http//soc101.weebly.com/extra-credit.html
3What factors affect your health?
- Socioeconomic status (SES)
- Gender
- Race, Culture
- Lifestyle
4What sociocultural factors affect your health?
- Socioeconomic status (SES)
- less nutritious diets
- unhealthy, unsafe living conditions
- less routine physical exams
- stress (and ways to deal with it)
- dangerous jobs
5What sociocultural factors affect your health?
- 2) Gender
- Women in the U.S. live 5 years more than men
- Men less likely to seek medical attention
- Men-riskier behaviors, more dangerous jobs
Who do you think experiences more stress? Why?
6What sociocultural factors affect your health?
- 3) Race, Culture
- Lower quality care due to discrimination
- Genetic predispositions
- Cultural habits related to lifestyle
- Unhealthy neighborhoods
7What sociocultural factors affect your health?
- 4) Lifestyle
- Diet, amount of exercise, and smoking
8What sociocultural factors affect your health?
- 4) Lifestyle
- Activity level at work
9What sociocultural factors affect your health?
- 4) Lifestyle
- Activity level at work
adjustable
Standing work station
Treadmill work station
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12- Many Americans sit at work 8 hours a day
- Continue to sit at home (TV, comp)
- 30 mins a day activity not enough
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14- Make time to
- stand
- walk
- stretch
- exercise
15Top underlying factors leading to preventable
deaths in the U.S.
- Tobacco
- Poor diet and inadequate exercise
- Alcohol
- Bacteria and viruses (not including HIV)
- Polluted workplaces and neighborhoods
- Car accidents (not including drug/alcohol use
related) - Guns
- Sexual behavior
- Illegal drugs
(Preventable death not caused by old age or
genetic disease)
Source Journal of American Medical Association,
Mokdad et al, 2004
16Extra Credit Opportunity
- In your group analyze the foods
- Circle the Healthy
- X the Not too healthy
- 7 minutes
- The team with the most correct answers wins
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22What to eat more of to improve immunity, energy,
overall health?
231. Berries
Most common fruits eaten by Americans oranges
and apples
Source USDA 2011
242. Greens
Most common vegetables for Americans potatoes
corn
bok choy
collard greens
broccoli
kale
Source USDA 2011
cabbage
Brussel sprouts
253. Onions
Americans eat 31 more packaged food than fresh
food
Source The International Food Information
Council Foundation 2012
264. Beans
87 of American adults said taste was the 1
factor influencing their food choice
lentils
Source The International Food Information
Council Foundation 2012
275. Raw nuts and seeds
52 of Americans say doing their income taxes is
easier than figuring out what food they should
eat
Source The International Food Information
Council Foundation 2012
28Health Belief Model Conditions for taking care
of your own health
- Must believe your are risk
- Must believe the problem is serious
- Must believe prevention will change risk
significantly - Must believe they can overcome financial,
emotional, or physical barriers
29Views on Health Symbolic Interactionist
Structural Functionalist Conflict Theory
30Functionalist Perspective
- Dysfunction Those who are ill cannot perform
their obligations
31Functionalist Perspective
- Functions
- a break from hectic schedules
- income for those who work in health industry
32Functionalist Perspective
- Ideal health care system provides people with the
services they need- no more, no less - Too much health care unnecessary surgeries, over
use of pharmaceuticals - Too little health care no insurance, or coverage
denied
33The Conflict Perspective
- Health resources are scarce, groups must compete
34The Conflict Perspective
- What resources do you need access to in order to
be healthy?
food
shelter
water
medical expertise
safe working conditions
Wealthy have more access to health resources
35The Conflict Perspective
- Insurance companies have the money and power to
protect their interests
Video Clip Linda Pino Testimony
http//www.youtube.com/watch?vzGKtROmiJL8
36Conflict and Symbolic Interactionist Perspective
- Medicalization defining or labeling behaviors
and conditions as medical problems - Male sexual dysfunction
- Obesity
Pharmaceutical companies can benefit from this
37Conflict and Symbolic Interactionist Perspective
- Medicalization changes how a condition is
perceived and people are treated - sex addiction
- alcoholism
38The Symbolic Interactionist Perspective
- We attach labels (some very negative) to various
illnesses - Ex AIDS, mental illness, physical disabilities
- May be treated differently
39The Symbolic Interactionist Perspective
clinical depression
obsessive-compulsive disorder
schizophrenia
attention-deficit disorder
bipolar disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
anorexia
social anxiety disorder
post-partum depression
bulimia
- Stigma related to mental illness can be harmful
- Lack of understanding by others is stressful
- Fear of getting help
- Discrimination at work or school
- Bullying, physical violence, or harassment
- Health insurance may not cover needs
40Universal Health Care Availability
Have some form of universal health
care Attempting to implement universal health
care No universal health care
Source World Health Organization 2010
41View Sick Around The World
42College Students and Health
- alcohol abuse
- sleep deprivation
- fast food/poor nutrition
- drug abuse
- unprotected sex
- anxiety and depression
- stress
- eating disorders
- smoking
- lack of insurance
- lack of exercise
What do you think are important issues regarding
the health of college students? Most important
tips the article?
43Universal Health Care Availability
Have some form of universal health
care Attempting to implement universal health
care No universal health care
Source World Health Organization 2010
44Sick Around The World
How did each of these nations provide national
health care? England/United Kingdom/Great
Britain Japan Germany Taiwan Switzerland
45Which country?
Health Ministry controls costs of all procedures
and treatments a. England b. Japan c. Germany d.
Taiwan e. Switzerland
46Which country?
Citizens pay for health coverage based on
income a. England b. Japan c. Germany d.
Taiwan e. Switzerland
47Which country?
Had a system like ours, but changed to universal
health care? a. England b. Japan c. Germany d.
Taiwan e. Switzerland
48Which country?
National health service paid through taxes? a.
England b. Japan c. Germany d. Taiwan e.
Switzerland
49Which country?
Uses technology to control costs? a. England b.
Japan c. Germany d. Taiwan e. Switzerland
50Next Class
Economics Read Ch 13 p 325-326, 329-335
51What does society expect of us if we call in
sick?
- The Sick Role
- Dont punish people for being sick
- People around try to help (chicken soup)
- Sick person should try to get better - rest
- Follow doctors orders go to doctor, take
medications
Critiqued because it does not always fit well,
depending on the illness
52Proposed Health Care Solutions
- National health insurance
- Compulsory, employer-financed health insurance
- HMOs and Managed Care
- PPOs
- New health care practitioners
- Self-care and changing life-styles
- Medicare and Medicaid
- Health Care Reforms
53Proposed Health Care Solutions
- National health insurance
- Government provides health coverage for all
citizens through taxes
54Proposed Health Care Solutions
- Compulsory, employer-financed health insurance
55Proposed Health Care Solutions
- HMOs (Health maintenance organizations) and
Managed Care - Lower costs through groups
- Doctors must call a review office for approval
- Patients must
- get referral to see
- specialists
56Proposed Health Care Solutions
- PPOs (Preferred Provider Organization)
- employers purchase group insurance
- agree to send employees to certain providers
- patients can go
- directly to specialist
57Proposed Health Care Solutions
- New health care practitioners
- Nurse practitioners , physicians assistants,
mid-wives - routine exams, less complicated care
58Proposed Health Care Solutions
- Self-care and changing life-styles
59Proposed Health Care Solutions
provides health care coverage for the poor,
Reimburses the elderly and the disabled for their
health care.
60Proposed Health Care Solutions
- President Obamas Health Care Reform
- Pre-existing conditions can get covered
- All Americans must have insurance
Find out more http//www.whitehouse.gov/healthref
orm
View
61Which is the best solution?
- National health insurance
- Compulsory, employer-financed health insurance
- HMOs and Managed Care
- PPOs
- New health care practitioners
- Self-care and changing life-styles
- Medicare and Medicaid
- Health Care Reforms
62Extra Credit Documentaries about Health
63Using your sociological imaginationIndividual
vs. Sociological
Sociological Perspective
Individual Perspective
Focus on the influence of society
Focus on a particular persons characteristics
64Looking at illness as a sociologist
Illness Emphysema
Individual factor Smoking
Social factor Glamorization of smoking in the
media
Move desks to create groups of 5
65Sociological Imagination Illness.
Names____________________________________________
__________________________________ Write down as
many individual causes of the illness you can
think of. Write down as many societal causes of
the illness you can think of.
Illness
Causes Sociolgoical Perspective
Causes Individual Perspective
- media
- corporations/companies
- education/schooling
- time, place
- culture, religion
- government (laws and policies)
- peers, family
- technology
- biology
- genetics
- personality
- personal characteristics
66Use your sociological imagination
- Childhood obesity At 8 years of age, Connor who
lives in the U.S., weighs 218 pounds.
Sociological Perspective
Individual Perspective
Focus on personal characteristics
Focus on the influence of society
67Use your sociological imagination
- At 19 years of age, Adesola (male)who lives in
Tanzania, is HIV positive.
Sociological Perspective
Individual Perspective
Focus on personal characteristics
Focus on the influence of society
68Use your sociological imagination
- At 21 years of age, Serena who lives in the U.S.
has depression and severe anxiety attacks
Sociological Perspective
Individual Perspective
Focus on personal characteristics
Focus on the influence of society
69Use your sociological imagination
- At 40 years of age, Angel who lives in the U.S.
has high blood pressure
Sociological Perspective
Individual Perspective
Focus on personal characteristics
Focus on the influence of society
70Use your sociological imagination
- At 30 years of age, Brandon who lives in the
U.S. has type 2 diabetes
Sociological Perspective
Individual Perspective
Focus on personal characteristics
Focus on the influence of society
71- Which explanation of poverty applies best to
todays economic crisis?
- a. Symbolic Interactionist A people get
accustomed to living in poverty and therefore
have difficulty changing the situation - b. Symbolic Interactionist B people in poverty
get labeled as lazy and lose out on opportunities
due to the label - c. Structural Functionalist poverty is a
functional in society, it motivates people to
seek higher rewards - d. Conflict Theory The masses are exploited by
the few who have money and power