Social psychology

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Social psychology

• liudexiang

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Overview

• Social cognition
• Attitude
• Social influence
• Social action

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Social psychology

• The scientific study of the ways in which the
  thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of one
  individual are influenced by the real, imagined,
  or inferred behavior or characteristics of other
  people.

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Social cognition

• Knowledge and understanding concerning the social
  world and the people in it ( including oneself ).
  

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Schema

• A set of beliefs or expectations about something
  that is based on past experience.

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Primacy effects

• The fact that early information about someone
  weighs more heavily than later information in
  influencing ones impression of that person.

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Self-fulfilling prophecy

• The process in which a persons expectation about
  another elicits behavior from the second person
  that confirms the expectation.

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Stereotype

• A set of characteristics presumed to be shared by
  all members of a social category.

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Attribution theory

• The theory that addresses the question of how
  people make judgements about the causes of
  behavior.

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Fundamental attribution error

• The tendency of people to overemphasize personal
  causes for other peoples behavior and to
  underemphasize personal causes for their own
  behavior.

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Defensive attribution

• The tendency to attribute our successes to our
  own efforts or qualities and our failures to
  external factors.

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Just-world hypothesis

• Attribution error is based on the assumption that
  bad things happen to bad people and good things
  happen to good people .

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Interpersonal attraction

• Proximity How close two people live to each
  other.
• Exchange the concept that relationships are
  based on trading rewards among partners.
• Equity fairness of exchange achieved when each
  partner in the relationship receives the same
  proportion of outcomes to investments.

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Attitudes

• Relatively stable organization of beliefs,
  feelings, and behavior tendencies directed toward
  something or someone.

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Self-monitoring

• The tendency for an individual to observe the
  situation for cues about how to react.

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Prejudice

• An unfairm, intolerant, or unfavorable attitude
  toward a group of people .

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Discrimination

• An unfair act or series of acts taken toward an
  entire group of people or individual members of
  that group.

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Frustration-aggression theory

• The theory that, under certain circumstances,
  people who are frustrated in their goals turn
  their anger away from the proper, powerful target
  and toward another, less powerful target that is
  safer to attack.

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Cognitive dissonance

• Perceived inconsistency between two cognitions.

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Social influence

• The process by which others individually or
  collectively affect ones perceptions, attitudes,
  and actions.

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Cultrural truism

• The belief that most members of a society accept
  as self-evidently true.

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Norm

• A shared idea or expectation about how to behave.

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Conformity

• Voluntarily yielding to social norms, even at the
  expense of ones preferences.

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Compliance

• Change of behavior in response to an explicit
  request from another person or group.

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Obedience

• Change of behavior in response to a command from
  another person, typically an authority figure.

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Deindividuation

• A loss of personal sense of responsibity in a
  group.

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Altruistic behavior

• Helping behavior that is not linked to personal
  gain.

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Bystander effect

• The tendency for an individuals helpfulness in
  an emergency to decrease as the number of passive
  bystanders increases.

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Risky shift

• Greater willingness of a group than an individual
  to take substantial risks.

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Polarization

• Shift in attitudes by members of a group toward
  more extreme positions than the ones held before
  discussion.

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The end