1
?????????? ????????

• ?????? ?? ??

????? ????,????,????(???),???(????) ????(???)
2
?? ??????????????? Blandford-Znajek?? ??????
???? ????? force-free??? force-free??????????
Blandford-Znajek??????
3
??
4
???????????????
????????????? (BH)????BH??? ?????(AGN)? ??????????
??????
5

• BH?AGN????????

??????????
???????????????
??
AGN??? ???? ?????2? ? 0.01??????????
?? erg/s ?? ?? year
?????????????????0.007? ?????AGN???????????????
6

• BH?????????????

?????????????????
AGN?????????0.01? ?????????????????0.1?
BH
???????
?????????????? Penrose?? Super-radiance Blandfo
rd-Znajek??
1???????
BH
7

• ?????

AGN??? ?????????????????????
?????????????????????????? ????
????????????????
Blandford-Znajek?? ???BH????????????????
8
Blandford-Znajek(B-Z)??
Kerr BH?Horizon?????? Poynting??
BH????

BH
???,BH?????????? ?????????????
??????
9
B-Z?????????????
Poynting???
???????
Poynting??????????????????? ?BH???????????!
10
??????????
11
?????
BH????????????
Einstein-Maxwell??????? ??BH(Reisnerr,
Nordstrom) ????????BH(Newman et al.)
Schwarzschild????????(Ernst) BH??????????Maxwell
??????? Kerr????????????(Pertterson, Wald)
Schwarzschild???????(Ginzbrug et al, Ghosh)
BH???????????????(TomimatsuTakahashi)
12
BH?????????????????
????????????? force-free????(?????????)
??????????(?????8) 2??????
? ????????force-free???????
13
force-free ???
Kerr??(??BH)????????? ??????????? force-free
??????????????? ????????gtgt????????????
??????????????
14
??? ??????????
?????
???
light surface ????????? ???????
BH
???
?????
?????
15
force-free ????
?????????????
?????
?????????????? light surface???????????
?????????????????????????? ??????
16
force-free??????? ??????????
17
?????
Maxwell???
??
?????Kerr??
????????????
force-free?
Grad-Shafranov???(?????????????)
18
Grad-Shafranov(G-S)???
??????????
????
??????
19
G-S???????
G-S?????2??????????.
event horizon
light surface
???????????
20
??????
given
light Surface??????
??????????
light surface??????????????.
????,??????light surface ???????.
21
light surface????????? ??????????
G-S??????????
????
????????? ????????????? G-S?????????????????
??
22
light surface?????
?light surface??????
???? ???????????
(Contopoulos et al, 1999)
?light surface??G-S???
???????
23
???????
??? ??????????
? ? ???????????
?LS????
????? ????? ??????
LS???
?? ?????
? ??????????????
24
light Surface??????
light Surface????????????
light surface??????????? ??????
????????
25
?????
???
????
????
????????,Blandford-Znajek?????? ?????.
BH
???
outer light surface
inner light surface
26
Blandford-Znajek??????
Slow-rotating BH????G-S????????
OLS
???????
?
B-Z??????? ??? ???????.
BH
ILS
27
??
??????
????G-S???? ???????.
BH
outer light surface??????? ????.
28
??
OLS
???
B-Z??????
B-Z??????
???
29
????????B-Z????
30
B-Z??????????
OLS
Slow-rotation???OLS????????????????. (TanabeNagat
aki 2008).
31
B-Z??????????
OLS
OLS
?????OLS???B-Z??????????????? ??????
32
???
Kerr BH ????force-free??????????? ???????????
outer Light Surface????????????????
????????,B-Z????????????
?????
???????????Inner Light Surface? ?
??????????
BH????????????????????????
B-Z???????inner light surface???????