Safety

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Safety
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Characteristics of Safety

• Pervasiveness
• Perception
• Management

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Factors Affecting Safety

• Physiologic Factors
• Musculoskeletal System
• Neurologic System
• Cardiovascular and Respiratory System
• Activity and Exercise
• Fatigue

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Components of body mechanics

• Using gravity
• Maintaining balanced center of gravity
• Maintaining balance
• Centering additional weight

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Applied Principles of Body Mechanics

• Adjust the height of the work area when possible
• Assume a starting position that will permit
  freedom of movement in range, direction, and
  position
• Keep body balanced over the base of support with
  knees relaxed and trunk erect
• Bend hips and knees to alter position of body,
  widening the base of support as needed, for
  effective leverage and use or energy
• Face the direction of motion, using the muscles
  of the lower extremities and shifting body weight
  for lifting, pushing, and pulling actions
• Hold objects close to the body when lifting

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Applied Principles of Body Mechanics

• Use rhythmic, smooth, and coordinated motions at
  a reasonable speed
• Use elbows, hips, and knees as levers when
  lifting
• Use mechanical devices when appropriate
• Holding the breath during a physical activity is
  an indication of muscle strain and inefficient
  use of body mechanics

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Using Body Mechanics to Move Patients

• Plan the move before doing it
• Begin all movements with the body aligned and
  balanced
• When possible, elevate adjustable beds to waist
  level and lower side rails
• Carry objects close to body, and stand as close
  as possible to work area.

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Fall Risk Profile

1. gt 65 years
2. History of falls
3. Sensory impairment
4. Motor impairment
5. Medications
6. Postural hypotension
7. Reduced reaction time
8. Reduced LOC

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Safety Measures

1. Orientation to surroundings
2. Survey for hazards
3. Bed in low position
4. Side rails
5. Call bell and personal articles in reach
6. Footwear
7. Restraints when necessary

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Assisting with Ambulation

1. Assess activity tolerance
2. Explain how far to walk
3. Check for obstacles
4. Establish resting places
5. Dangle for 1 to 2 minutes
6. Support at waist
7. If dizzy, return to bed or chair
8. If faint, lower to floor

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Restraints

• Vest
• Wrist
• Leather
• Side rails

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Problems with restraints

1. Increased confusion
2. Foster dependency
3. Compound immobilization problems
4. Deadly

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Alternatives to Restraints

1. Supervision
2. Changing bothersome treatments
3. Modifying environment
4. Reality orientation
5. Diversion
6. Creative alternatives

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If you must use restraints

1. Doctors order
2. Informed consent
3. Follow manufacturers directions
4. Nursing actions

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Fire

• R
• A
• C
• E

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Equipment related injuries

• Use properly
• Recognize malfunction
• Prevent shock

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2012 Hospital National Patient Safety Goals The
purpose of the National Patient Safety Goals is
to improve patient safety. The goals focus on
problems in health care safety and how to solve
them.
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Universal Protocol

• Conduction a pre-procedure verification process
• Marking the procedure site
• Performing a time-out