The Mughal Empire in India

1
The Mughal Empire in India

• Chapter 18
• Section 3

2
Early History of the Mughals

• Mongol Invaders
• Mughals, or Mongols, invade northwestern India
• Conflict
• Muslims and Hindus fight for almost 300 years
• In 1000, loose empire of Turkish warlordsDelhi
  Sultanateforms

3
Early History of the Mughals

• Delhi Sultanate
• Sultans rule from Delhi between 13th and 16th
  centuries
• Timur the Lame destroys Delhi in 1398

4
Early History of the Mughals

• Babur Founds an Empire
• Babur becomes king of small land in Central Asia
  at age 11
• Is dethroned and driven south into India
• Army conquers much of northern India, forming
  Mughal Empire
• Son Humayun loses most of the territory Babur
  conquered
• Baburs grandson succeeds Humayan

5
Akbars Golden Age

• Baburs Grandson
• AkbarGreatest One rules India from 1556 to
  1605
• A Military Conqueror
• Akbar uses cannons names native Indians as
  officers

6
Akbars Golden Age

• A Liberal Ruler
• Akbar allows religious freedom and abolishes tax
  on non-Muslims
• Akbar allows all people a chance to serve in high
  government office
• Hindu finance minister develops better tax plan
  income grows
• Akbar gives land to his officials, then reclaims
  it when they die

7
Akbars Golden Age

• A Flowering of Culture
• Many cultures blend, mixing art, education,
  politics, and language
• New languages like Hindi and Urdu emerge

8
Akbars Golden Age

• The Arts and Literature
• Book illustrations, called miniatures, flourish
• Hindu literature reemerges during Akbars rule
• Architecture
• New architectural style named for Akbar develops

9
Akbars Successors

• Jahangir and Nur Jahan
• Akbars son, Jahangir, allows wife Nur Jahan to
  control government
• Nur Jahan appoints her father prime minister
• Nur Jahan favors son Khusrau over other sons
• Khusrau rebels, supported by Sikhs, nonviolent
  religious group
• Sikhs become targets of Mughal hatred

10
Akbars Successors

• Shah Jahan
• Shah JahanJahangirs son and successor, marries
  Persian princess
• Assassinates all competitors for throne
• His wife dies while giving birth to her 14th
  child in 1631
• Taj Mahalhuge marble tomb Shah Jahan builds for
  his wife
• Taj Mahal is one of the most beautiful buildings
  in the world

11
Akbars Successors

• The People Suffer
• People suffer paying for wars and monuments
• Shah Jahans third sonAurangzeb imprisons
  father and takes over

12
Akbars Successors

• Aurangzebs Reign
• Rules between 1658 and 1707 expands empire to
  its largest
• Strictly enforces Islamic law and attempts to get
  rid of Hindus
• Hindus rebel and Sikhs become militant
• Levies oppressive taxes on Hindus, causing more
  rebellion

13
The Empires Decline and Decay

• The Mughal Empire Crumbles
• Over 2 million people die of famine while
  Aurangzeb wages war
• Emperor becomes a figurehead empire breaks into
  separate states
• Meanwhile, traders arrive from England, Holland,
  France, Portugal
• European traders gain key ports