SS6H6 European Exploration

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SS6H6 European Exploration

• SS6H6 The student will analyze the impact of
  European exploration and colonization on various
  world regions.
• a. Identify the causes of European exploration
  and colonization include religion, natural
  resources, a market for goods, and the
  contributions of Prince Henry the Navigator.

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The Age of Exploration

• This was a time when European leaders saw the
  need to explore new areas in order to gain access
  to the spice trade in Asia, spread the religion
  of Christianity (Catholicism), a need for more
  natural resources, and more wealth.

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Background

• Long before the sixteenth century the Crusades
  had introduced European people to the goods and
  luxuries of the East. Some goods, such as spices,
  became necessities, but they were becoming
  increasingly costly. They had to be transported
  over long and sometimes
• dangerous overland routes, and several middlemen
  each took their profits before the goods reached
  European merchants. What Europeans needed was a
  new, less costly route to Asia. Before the route
  was actually traversed, however, a New World was
  opened for conquest. This led to intense
  economic and political rivalry among European
  powers to see who could first secure the prizes
  it offered and who could hold the others away.
  Individuals went to the New World for many
  reasons, but most commonly to seek their
  fortunes. Young Spaniards expected to get rich
  through ventures connected to land and commerce.
  Indentured servants looked optimistically toward
  the end of their terms of service, when they
  could obtain land of their own and become
  independent.
• For rulers and common people alike, religion was
  also a powerful motive. Even the Catholic rulers
  of Spain, Portugal and France were bent on
  building empires and gaining wealth, they were
  also sincerely committed to converting the
  heathen peoples of the world. The Spanish
  conquerors in the New World were required to take
  priests with them on every expedition. The
  English and Dutch were just as committed to
  spreading the Protestant gospel, and actively
  encouraged missionary enterprise among native
  Americans. Some colonists went to America
  specifically to escape restrictions on their
  religious practices at home. They sought places
  where they could worship freely according to
  their own forms and consciences.
• Love of adventure, curiosity and a fascination
  with the possibility of locating peoples and
  places popularized in the mythology of the time
  were also factors. Some searched for Prester
  John, a legendary Christian king believed to rule
  somewhere in Africa. Others were fascinated by
  fables of exotic peoples some with tails,
  others with no heads but with faces emerging from
  their chests. There were also tales of Amazon
  women on the mythical island of California, of a
  fountain of youth in Florida, of exotic plants
  and animals, and of the seven golden cities of
  Cibola. On a more realistic level, explorers
  also returned with accurate descriptions of
  plants, animals and people (Columbus brought many
  examples back with him from his first voyage).
  Technological innovation contributed
  significantly to European expansion, for it
  finally made venturing farther out to sea more
  practical. Ships became faster and more
  maneuverable. By the fifteenth century the use
  of the magnetic compass had become widespread.
  Other important developments included the
  astroble, a device for observing the position of
  the sun and stars, and the quadrant, which
  measured the altitudeo f these heavenly bodies.
  Techniques for map making and charting the seas
  also continually improved.

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Background Questions

1. How were the Europeans introduced to Asian goods?
   
2. What was the main good Europeans wanted? Why was
   getting this good so costly?
3. What were some reasons that spurred European
   exploration?
4. What were some technological advances that helped
   lead to the Age of Exploration?
5. How did exploration improve life in Europe?
6. How do you think this exploration and
   colonization affect the relationships of European
   nations?

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The Age of Exploration cont

• The Crusades led to the creation of trade lines
  between Europe and Asia, but the price was high.
• The Asian traders had to mark up items each time
  they changed hands.
• Items changed hands many times across the vast
  distance between Europe and Asia.

1. Where did the trade routes originate from in
   Asia?
2. How many stops do the routes seem to make as they
   travel west to Africa and the Mediterranean Sea?
3. What European country seems to be the main
   recipient of the Asian goods?

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Asian Trade Routes    

•      Hello!  I am a trader during the Golden Age
  of Exploration.  Traders are people who get
  wealth by buying items from a group of people at
  a low price and selling those things to other
  people at higher prices.  During my time, traders
  would want to buy luxuries in Asia that were not
  available in Europe and sell them to make money.
   They would originally use routes such the
  picture on the previous slide of the Silk Road.
   I remember when the Silk Road used to link Asia
  and Europe through trade, however, as overland
  trade became more time-consuming and dangerous,
  and overseas trade became more popular, trade
  along the Silk Road decreased.  Muslims also
  controlled land routes to Asia, therefore, 
  European traders such as myself had to go by sea
  around Muslim-controlled land.  Therefore, find a
  sea route around Africa to India, such as the one
  shown in the next slide, became a popular
  motivation or reason for exploration.

1. What is a trader?
2. Why did traders from Europe want to buy items
   from Asia?
3. Who controlled the silk trade routes in Asia?
4. Why do you think European traders would sail to
   Asia rather than use the original Silk Road
   route?

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Exploration route to Asia

1. What country did the European trade route begin?
2. What country in Asia was the main stop for
   European traders?
3. Notice how the trip to Asia the European traders
   sail very close to Eastern Africa, but not so
   much on the trip back. Why do you think this is?
4. What do you think Europeans would do with the
   resources they brought back from Asia?

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1. What is this map showing us?
2. What country in Africa did the Portuguese reach?
3. Did Prince Henry accomplish the goal he had set
   with his exploration? Why or Why not?
4. What can be inferred about the Portuguese's
   knowledge of Africa according to this map?

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Exploration Under Prince Henry the Navigator

1. Where is Portugal in relation to Africa?
2. According to the map when did the rounding of
   Africa take place?
3. Who were the two explorers that have routes on
   this map?
4. What were the explorers trying to accomplish? Why?

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Prince Henry the Navigator

• Ruler of Portugal
• He was among the first to realize the power that
  would come with control of the spice trade.
• He founded the first school for navigation in
  Europe.
• Under his rule, exploration of Africa was
  expanded in an attempt to find a sea route to
  Asia.
• He never went on any expedition himself.

1. What country did Prince Henry Hail from?
2. What were some of his accomplishments?
3. What were the main goals of his expeditions?
4. Do you believe Prince Henry deserves as much
   credit as history gives him?

To bring Portugal more trade and power and to
spread Christianity, this prince sponsored
expeditions beyond the safety of the
Mediterranean.
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ReligionThe historical drawing below shows an
encounter between European explorers and crew
with the local natives.
Some of the biggest cultural changes Europeans
brought to places they conquered were in religion
and language. Christians set out to convert
people to their religion. Missionaries went to
Asia and Africa, and they also worked to convert
American Indians to Christianity. In some places,
their religion blended with native traditions to
create new kinds of religious practices. In
addition to spreading Christianity, missionaries
ran schools. They taught their European languages
such as Spanish, Portuguese, and Dutch, the
language of the Netherlands.

1. Who are the Europeans interacting with in the
   above picture.
2. What were two of the major changes that Europeans
   brought to places they conquered?
3. Look at the picture, Who else came to the New
   World with the Explorers ? Why did they come?
4. How do we see this spread of their religion in
   our world today?

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Desire for Resources and Wealth

• The exchange of products between European
  countries and their colonies changed economic
  relations around the world. European countries
  saw their colonies as a way to get rich.This
  new view of the colonies was part of an economic
  system called mercantilisma system in which a
  government controls all economic activity in a
  country and its colonies to make the government
  stronger and richer. In the 1500s a countrys
  strength was measured by how much gold and silver
  it had. Under mercantilism, then, governments did
  everything they could to get more of these
  precious metals. Mercantilism was the main
  economic policy in Europe between 1500 and 1800

1. According to the paragraphs how did European
   countries see their colonies, Why?
2. What is mercantilism? Why was mercantilism
   practiced by European countries?
3. What became the most important resources to
   European countries? Why
4. Look at the map, what does England gain from
   India? And in return what does India gain from
   England?
5. How does this form of an economy benefit England?
   Do you believe it is fair for India Why or Why
   not?

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Market for Goods

• . . . If we deprive them Muslims of this their
  ancient market there, there does not remain for
  them a single port in the whole of these parts,
  where they can carry on their trade in these
  things. . . . I hold it as very certain that if
  we take this trade of Malacca away out of their
  hands, Cairo and Mecca are entirely ruined, and
  to Venice will no spiceries . . . be . . .
  conveyed except that which her merchants go and
  buy in Portugal.
• AFONSO DE ALBUQUERQUE, from The Commentaries of
  the Great Afonso Dalbuquerque

1. Who was it that said the quote above?
2. Who do the Europeans want to deprive from their
   markets?
3. What effect do the Europeans believe taking
   Malacca away will have?
4. What 4 countries are the main colonizers on the
   map?
5. Which country seems to control the most land?
6. What do you think that the European powers will
   use these colonies for?

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Task

• You will receive a graphic organizer. Use the
  Mini DBQ to complete the graphic organizer.
• Your thesis question and hook are done for you.
  You need to answer the hook question. This answer
  is your thesis.
• Your mini theses are done for you, just provide
  evidence for each.
• In the closing boxstate reason why

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Empire Building
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