PISAM! and the Classification of Matter

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PISAM! and theClassification of Matter
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Particle Theory of Matter

• All matter is made of particles.
• The particles in a given substance are identical.
• There are spaces between the particles.
• The particles attract one another.
• The particles are moving (and when heat is added
  they move more).

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Changes in State

• particles are very close
• strong attraction
• vibration only back and forth
• energy of motion is small compared to forces of
  attraction

• particles are close
• particles can slide past each other
• energy of motion is small compared to forces of
  attraction

• particles are very far apart
• particles are moving rapidly
• forces of attraction are almost zero compared to
  energy of motion

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Changes in State
melting
sublimation
freezing
sublimation
evaporation
condensation
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Changes in State
Initial State Final State Change of State Heat added or removed
solid liquid melting added
solid gas sublimation added
liquid gas evaporation added
liquid solid freezing removed
gas solid sublimation removed
gas liquid condensation removed
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Classification of Matter
MATTER
Pure Substances
Mixtures

• All particles are the same

• All particles are NOT the same

Compounds
Elements
Solutions
Heterogeneous Mixtures

• made of 2 or more
• elements
• can be broken
• down chemically
• -one phase
• E.g. carbon dioxide,
• sodium nitrate,
• water (i.e. dihydrogen
• monoxide)

• simplest form
• cannot be broken
• down
• -on the periodic table
• -one phase
• E.g. helium, carbon,
• oxygen, mercury

• looks like one
• substance (i.e.
• one phase)
• E.g. kool aid

• can see the parts
• (i.e. more than
• one phase)
• E.g. soup, pizza,
• oh henry

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• 1. Element
• a pure substance that contains only one kind of
  atom
• (H,O,F,Br,I,N,Cl are found in pairs, i.e. H2)

• 2. Compound
• a pure substance that includes two or more kinds
  of atoms stuck
• together
• one kind of molecule

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• 3. Heterogeneous mixture
• a mixture where you can see the different
  compounds or
• elements.
• This is also known as a mechanical mixture.
  Example vegetable
• soup

• 4. Homogeneous mixture
• mixture where you cannot see the different
  compounds or
• elements
• A solution is a homogeneous mixture. Example
  chocolate milk

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• Solutions are made up of a solute and a solvent
• solute part that is dissolved
• solvent part that solute dissolves in
• Example - when salt is added to water it will
  dissolve and form a solution of salt water.
• salt - solute and water -
  solvent

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Classification of Matter

• How to figure out whats what
• 1. Is it on the Periodic Table? (element)
• Does it have a chemical first and last name?
  (compound)
• Does it have 2 components but one phase?
  (solution)
• Does it have 2 components and 2 phases?
  (heterogeneous mixture)
• Exceptions water, sugar and salt are all
  compounds

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HOMEWORK

• Complete the page of particle diagrams