Van warmte-wisselaar naar maag-darm kanaal

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Van warmte-wisselaar naar maag-darm kanaal

• Marc Vissers Peter de Jong
• NIZO food research, Food Valley, the Netherlands
• Marc.vissers_at_nizo.nl
• peter.de.jong_at_nizo.nl

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Outline

1. Introduction to NIZO food research
2. Control of bacteria in heat treatment equipment
   a chemical engineering approach!
3. Control of bacteria in humans again a chemical
   engineering approach?!
4. Conclusions

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Introducing NIZO food research

• Roots (1948) in the dairy industry now leading
  European research company
• Applying knowledge for product innovations
  together with customers
• Constant search for ways to improve food
• 200 professionals
• State-of-the-art facilities food-grade pilot
  plant
• Located in Food Valley in The Netherlands
• Partner in WCFS (Wageningen Centre for Food
  Sciences) and Kluyver Centre for Genomics of
  Industrial fermentation
• ISO 90012000 certified

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Expertise
biopolymer systems
dairy
microbial systems
processing systems
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Expertise

• Making and breaking of gels and emulsions
• controlled release

biopolymer systems
dairy
microbial systems
processing systems

• Shelf life
• Rapid detection for safe foods

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Organisation
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The way we work

• Dedicated Business Development Managers and
  Account Managers to ensure direct communication
  lines
• Professional project management
• Unique teamwork of experts with industrial and
  academia backgrounds
• Confidentiality is the key factor in all our
  processes

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Track record NIZO food research

• A selection
• Starter cultures (CSK Food Enrichment)
• Process equipment (Casomatic)
• Expression systems (NICE)
• Products (various cheeses, NIZO butter process)
• Processing models (Premia, Premic)
• Taste solutions (PeptoPro Sport at Olympic Games
  2004)
• 9 awards in 1999-2003
• Many publications in refereed journals
• Autonomous growth contract research

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1. Control of bacteria in heat treatment equipment
   a chemical engineering approach!

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Problem definition
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Biofilm development

• Growth
• Adherence
• Release
• (Inactivation)

cfu/ml
time
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Biofouling model
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It works!
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NIZO Premia
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1. Control of bacteria in humans again a chemical
   engineering approach?!

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Problem definition

• Gut health is affected by the intake of bacteria
• It is not easy to get volunteers for testing the
  impact of pathogenic bacteria in the gut
• Many experimental effort (trial error) in rats
  etc.

daily intake of good and bat bacteria
number of active bacteria in the gut (health)
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Once upon a time not that long ago .
Process technology Modeling
Nutrition gut health
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Surprise, surprise

• Growth
• Adherence
• Release
• (Inactivation)

But, What is most important ? Is rat equal to
human ?
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Criticism of the expert

• Human ? Machine
• Rat ? Machine
• Modeling is not useful when you have data
• Processes in gut are too complex
• Modeling should result in contra-intuitive
  hypotheses!

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Objectives

• increase insight in growth and adherence of
  pathogen in gastrointestinal tract
• make comparison of experimental data rat of
  human possible
• evolvement of (contra-intuitive) hypothesis for
  observed phenomena
• evolvement of new ideas and experiments for
  research projects.

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Starting points

• Simplify processes in the gut to basic processes
  and add necessary details later
• Mechanistic approach
• Variables related to inactivation / growht /
  adherence and release
• Consider gastro-intestinal tract as a series of
  chemical reactors
• Account for residence time distribution
• Focus on increasing insight and not on prediction

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The model
residence time distribution

• OUTPUT
• location
• growth rate
• adherence rate
• release rate

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Results different curves
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Compare treatments (Salmonella in rat with or
without calcium)
Diet without calcium
Diet with calcium
Calcium mainly affect growth in small intestine
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Compare human and rat (E. coli)
RAT
HUMAN
Reaction to E. coli was considered to be similar
for rat and human
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Contra-intuitive
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Objectives

• increase insight in growth and adherence of
  pathogen in gastrointestinal tract
• make comparison of experimental data rat of
  human possible
• evolvement of (contra-intuitive) hypothesis for
  observed phenomena
• evolvement of new ideas and experiments for
  research projects.

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1. Conclusions

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Conclusions

• Application of a basic chemical-engineering
  approach to the gut is possible and useful
• New insights regarding
• Growth, adherence and release in gut
• Effect treatments
• Difference human and rat
• Collaboration between disciplines everybody
  benefits

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Acknowledgements

• Wageningen Centre of Food Science