Exercise Science

1
Exercise Science

• Chapter 1
• Human Anatomy

2
Anatomy

• 5 Major Anatomical Systems
• Skeletal System
• Muscular System
• Nervous System
• Cardiovascular System
• Respiratory System

3
Skeletal System

• Basic Functions
• Protection
• Support
• Framework (levers)
• Production of RBC
• Storage (minerals)

4
Skeletal System

• Types of skeletons
• Axial Skeleton
• Appendicular Skeleton
• 206 bones total

5
Skeletal System

• Axial Skeleton skull, hyoid bone, vertebral
  column, ribs sternum

6
Skeletal System

• Axial Skeleton cont
• Vertebral Column-
• Cervical (7)
• Thoracic (12)
• Lumbar (5)
• Sacrum (5 fused)
• Coccyx (2-4)

7
Skeletal System

• Appendicular Skeleton
• (appendages)
• Levers
• Mobility

8
Skeletal SystemAppendicular Skeleton
9
Skeletal System

• Wolfs Law a bone is capable of adjusting its
  strength in proportion to the amount of stress
  (or lack of stress) placed on it
• Factors that Affect Bone Density
• Diet
• Genetics
• Activity
• Bone Density Theory bone density CAN increase
  until about age 35 years. Then depending on the
  above factor it will begin to decrease

10
Skeletal System

• Bones to Know
• Skull
• Scapula
• Clavicle
• Sternum
• Ribs
• Humerus
• Radius
• Ulna
• Pelvis
• Femur
• Tibia
• Fibula
• Vertebral Column
• Cervical (7)
• Thoracic (12)
• Lumbar (5)
• Sacrum (5 fused)
• Coccyx (2 to 4)

11
Muscular System

• Basic Functions
• Protection
• Locomotion
• Force Production
• Types of Muscle Tissue
• Smooth or Visceral
• Cardiac
• Skeletal (for our class this is what we will be
  referring to in all our discussions)

12
Muscular System

• Properties of Skeletal Muscle Contraction
• Contract Shorten (concentric)
• Relax Lengthen (eccentric)
• All or Nothing
• Motor Units certain of muscle fibers and the
  specific motor neuron that connects w/ them

13
Muscular System

• Vocabulary
• Agonist
• Antagonist
• Prime Mover
• Synergist
• Stabilizers

14
Muscular System

• Vocabulary Cont
• Flexion
• Extension
• Plantar Flexion
• Dorsi Flexion
• Inversion medial
• Eversion lateral
• Abduction
• Adduction
• Circumduction
• Internal Rotation
• External Rotation
• Supination
• Pronation
• Elevation
• Depression
• Horizontal Flexion
• Horizontal Extension

15

16
Muscular System

• Muscles to Know
• Pectoralis Major
• Pectoralis Minor
• Deltoid
• Rotator Cuff
• Subscapularis
• Supraspinatus
• Infraspinatus
• Teres Minor
• Biceps Brachii
• Brachialis
• Brachioradialis
• Triceps

17
Muscular System

18
Muscular System

• Muscles to Know Cont
• Abdominals
• External Obliques
• Internal Obliques
• Rectus Abdominis
• Transverse Abdominis
• Erector Spinae
• Latissimus Dorsi
• Trapezius
• Gluteal
• Iliopsoas
• Quadriceps
• Hamstrings
• Tibialis Anterior
• Soleus
• Gastrocnemius

19
Nervous System

• Basic Functions
• Control Center
• Communication
• All Major Body Functions (heart, breathing, etc)
  
• Personality
• Critical Thinking
• Motor Control
• Motor Coordination
• Etc

20
Nervous System

• Central Nervous System
• Brain
• Spinal Cord
• Peripheral Nervous System
• Sensory Neurons (information in)
• Motor Neurons (information out)

21
Nervous System

• Motor Units certain of skeletal muscle fibers
  and the motor neuron that innervates (connects)
  with them
• Motor Units can have vary of muscle fibers
  connect with its correlating motor neuron
• This is how we can produce varying force
  production
• Muscle Fiber Types
• Slow Twitch lower of Muscle Fibers per motor
  neuron
• Fast Twitch higher of Muscle Fibers per motor
  neuron

22
Cardiovascular System

• Basic Functions
• Uptake Delivery Oxygen
• Uptake Delivery Nutrients
• Uptake Removal of Wastes

23
Cardiovascular System

• Components
• Heart (pump)
• Vessels (pathways)
• Blood (Transporter)

24
Cardiovascular System

• Blood Flow Through the
• Heart
• Superior Vena Cava Inferior Vena
• Cava
• Right Atrium
• Right Atrioventricular Valve (Tricuspid)
• Right Ventricle
• Pulmonary Semilunar Valve
• Pulmonary Trunk Pulmonary Arteries
• Lungs

25
Cardiovascular System

• Blood Flow Through the Heart Cont
• Pulmonary Veins
• Left Atrium
• Left Atrioventricular Valve (Bicuspid, Mitral)
• Left Ventricle
• Aortic Semilunar Valve
• Aorta
• Body

26
Cardiovascular System
27
Cardiovascular

• Vessels
• Arteries
• Arterioles
• Capillaries (transitional vessels)
• Venules
• Veins

28
Cardiovascular System

• Arteries/Arterioles
• Rigid
• Smooth Muscle
• Carries Blood Away from the Heart

29
Cardiovascular System

• Veins/Venules
• Collapsible
• Valves
• Carries Blood Towards the Heart

30
Cardiovascular System

• Capillaries
• Small
• Transitional Vessels
• Drop off O2 Nutrients
• Pick up CO2 Wastes

31
Cardiovascular System

• Blood
• Transporter of oxygen, nutrients wastes
• Stays inside the vessels
• Women approx 4 to 5 Liters
• Men approx 5 to 6 Liters

32
Cardiovascular System

• Cardiac Cycle
• Systole work, ventricular contraction, blood
  exits heart
• Diastole rest, atrial contraction, no blood
  exits heart
• Blood Pressure
• Systolic Pressure pressure in the appendage
  arteries during ventricular contraction
• Diastolic Pressure - pressure in the appendage
  arteries during atrial contraction

33
Respiratory System

• Basic Functions
• All Gas exchange in the body
• Intake of O2
• Expel CO2

34
Respiratory System

• Components of the Respiratory System
• Nose
• Mouth
• Trachea
• Bronchi
• Lungs

35
Respiratory System

• 3 Types of Respiration
• External Respiration the process of getting O2
  from outside into the body

36
Respiratory System

• 3 Types of Respiration
• Cont
• Internal Respiration the process of
  transitioning O2 from the lungs to the blood

37
Respiratory System

• 3 Types of Respiration
• Cont
• Cellular Respiration the process of getting O2
  from the blood to the working muscles

38
Anatomy

• Homework Assignment
• Detailed Picture of Each of the 5 Systems
• 3 Web addresses of web sites (for each system)
  that discuss each system