Developed for CVCA Physics

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InvestigatingBatteries and BulbsSummary

• Developed for CVCA Physics
• By
• Dick Heckathorn
• 16 March 2K 5

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A. HOW MANY WAYS CAN YOU MAKE A LIGHT BULB LIGHT?

• Materials battery bulb one conducting wire

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• 1. Using your materials, make your bulb light.
• (Be careful ... If you begin to feel heat in the
  wire remove the wire from the battery.)

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• 2. How many different ways can you get your bulb
  to light? (1)

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• 3. Draw pictures below of the ways that you got
  the bulb to light and ways that you did not get
  it to light.
• WAYS BULB LIGHT (2)WAYS BULB DID NOT LIGHT (2)

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B HOW CAN YOU MAKE THE BULB LIGHT WHEN IT IS
NOT TOUCHING THE BATTERY?

• 1. Using your materials, make the bulb light when
  it is not touching the battery.

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• 2. Draw wires on the picture below to show how
  you got the bulb to light. (1)

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• 3. Where must the wire(s) touch the battery to
  light the bulb? (1)

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• 4. Where must the wire(s) touch the bulb for it
  to light? (1)

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• 5. Make a rule about lighting the bulb using your
  observations. (2)

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Look at top and bottom of a battery to see where
good contact can be made.
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C. HOW DOES A CHRISTMAS TREE BULB COMPARE TO THE
BULB YOU HAVE BEEN USING

• flashlight bulb Christmas tree bulb

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• 1. Examine and then draw what you see when you
  look at the inside the flashlight bulb. (1)

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• 2. Pull the Christmas tree bulb out of its
  holder. Draw what you see when you look at it. (1)

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• 3. Again look at the Christmas tree bulb. Do you
  see anything that you did not see before. If so,
  draw it. (1)

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• 4. What is the path that the electricity must
  follow in the bulb? (1)

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Filament Opens
Insulation on jumper melts
Current takes alternate path
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How 100-Bulb Christmas Strand is Connected
50 bulbs
50 bulbs
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D. DOES THE SIZE OF THE BATTERY CHANGE THE
BRIGHTNESS OF THE BULB?

• batteries - D, C, AA, AAA,
• Ni-Cd, NIMH,
• Polaroid Camera
• Christmas tree bulb

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• 1. Observe the brightness of the bulb when
  connected to the C-cell battery.

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• 2. How do you think the brightness of the bulb
  (when connected to the D-cell) will compare when
  connected to the C-Cell battery? (1)

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• 3. How does the brightness of the bulbs compare?
  (4)

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• 4. Explain why you get the results that you did?
  (2)

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E. HOW IS THE DRY CELL CONSTRUCTED?

• 1. Examine the sectional view of the battery. The
  plus terminal is the carbon rod and the negative
  terminal is the zinc case.

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• When the cell is operating, zinc atoms from the
  negative plate form zinc ions.
• At the positive carbon rod, ammonium ions gain
  electrons, forming ammonia and hydrogen gas.

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• The ammonia gas is taken up by the zinc chloride.
  The hydrogen reacts with the manganese dioxide.
  Since carbon and zinc are used as the electrodes,
  the dry cell has a voltage of approximately 1.5
  volts.

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• If the battery is in constant use, a build-up of
  gas may occur and cause the case to burst at the
  weakest point.

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• Leakage of the battery may then occur with
  corrosion of the parts near the battery.
  Therefore it is essential that one take the
  batteries out before this occurs.

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F HOW IS A STORAGE BATTERY MADE?

• 1. A storage battery is one that can be recharged
  repeatedly to its original condition. The
  lead-acid battery is shown .

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Another type of storage battery is the
nickel-cadmium battery.

• Other types of storage batteries are the NiCd,
  NiMH and Rayovac rechargeables.
• The NiCd and NiMH produce 1.2 volts, the Rayovac
  1.5 volts.

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• Ask your instructor to see both the Ni-Cd and
  lead-acid battery.

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G WHERE ARE THE WIRES IN YOUR MYSTERY PACKAGE?

• Materials two pieces of cardboard, masking
  tape, or box Christmas tree bulb battery brass
  fasteners

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• 1. Look at the apparatus.
• (Do not open it.)

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• 2. You should see the heads of 6 brass fasteners
  on one side of the cardboard.

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• 3. Copper wires under the lid are attached to
  some of the brass fasteners.

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• 4. Using the Christmas tree bulb, and a battery,
  how can you find out where the wires are without
  opening the box? (1)

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• 5. Is there a connection between fastener 1 and
  fastener 2?

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• 6. Test all the other possible pairs listed below.

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• 7. Record your observations in the following
  chart.(3)
• PAIRS Bulb Lights Pairs Bulb Lights
  (Yes/No) (Yes/No) 1-2 __________
  2-6 __________ 1-3 __________ 3-4
  __________ 1-4 __________ 3-5
  __________ 1-5 __________ 3-6
  __________ 1-6 __________ 4-5
  __________ 2-3 __________ 4-6
  __________ 2-4 __________ 5-6
  __________ 2-5 __________

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• 8. Use your observations and draw lines on
  diagram A, where you think the wires are found
  in the lid of your box. (Use a pencil so you can
  erase if you change your mind.) (2)

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• 9. Talk about your diagram with your instructor.
  He will show you the correct answer. _____ (1)

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• 10. On diagram B, draw the wires as they actually
  are connected. (1)

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Box 1
2
1
4
3
6
5
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A
2
1
4
3
6
5
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B
2
1
4
3
6
5
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C
2
1
4
3
6
5
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D
2
1
4
3
6
5
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E
2
1
4
3
6
5
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F
2
1
4
3
6
5
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• 11. How do diagrams A and B compare?a. How are
  they alike? (1)
• b. How are they different? (1)

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H HOW CAN YOU MAKE A SWITCH?

• Materials 1 2-brad cardboard switch 2
  3-brad cardboard switch 3 green connecting
  wires Christmas tree bulb battery

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• 1. Make and then draw the circuit by connecting
  the battery, Christmas tree bulb and the switch.
  (1)

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• 2. How do you get the bulb to turn on and off? (1)

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• 3. Remove the single switch and replace it with
  two 3-way cardboard switches. Draw the circuit.
  (1)

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Connect two green connecting wires between the
two paper brads of one cardboard switch to the
other.
Replace the single switch with a two 3-way
switches.
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Investigate how the switches work.
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• 4. Describe how the 3-way switch works. (2)

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• 5. Get your instructor to inspect the switch? (2)
  ____

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Three Way Switches

• 6. Where around your house are 3-way switches? (1)

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I HOW CAN YOU EXPLAIN THE MYSTERIOUS CIRCUIT?

• Materials 1 battery 1 bulb 1 length
  non-covered wire crayon or color marker

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• 1. Test your bulb and battery to make sure that
  the bulb will light.

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• 2. Look at the circuit in the drawing below.

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• 3. The wire is touching the two special places
  on the bulb. Predict whether the bulb will light.
  Explain why. (2)

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• 4. Use your materials to see if the bulb will
  light.

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• 5. What did you observe? (1)
• 6. Explain what happened? (2)

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• 7. Use a crayon or color marker to draw a line on
  the drawing showing where the electricity
  travels. (1)

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J WHERE DOES THE CURRENT GO?

• Materials 1 D-cell battery and battery
  holder1 bulb holder and bulb
• 1 green wire
• 2 non-covered wire
• crayon or marker

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5. What happened?
6. Explain what happened?
2. Make sure your bulb lights.
4. Try it.

• 3. What will happen when a wire is placed between
  wires 1 2?

Non-covered wire
Non-covered wire
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6. What do you predict will happen if you touch
the end of wire 1 with the end of wire 2 outside
the bulb holder?
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K HOW CAN YOU GET MORE THAN ONE BULB TO LIGHT
IN A CIRCUIT?

• Materials battery 2 bulbs and 2 bulb
  holders 3 lengths of green wire battery holder
  ?

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• 1. Make sure both bulbs are the same brightness
  when connected alone with the battery. Then
  connect one bulb to the battery to make it light.

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• 2. Add one more bulb in a continuous circuit so
  that both bulbs light.

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• 3. What changes in the brightness did you observe
  when you added the second bulb? How do the
  brightness of the bulbs compare? (2)

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• 4. Unscrew one of the bulbs. What do you observe
  about the other bulb? (1)

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• 5. Again get both bulbs to light. What do you
  predict will happen when you remove the other
  bulb? (1)

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• 6. Try it. What happens to the other bulb? (1)

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• 7. Explain your observations? (2)

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• 8. The circuit you have constructed is called a
  series circuit. A series circuit is an electric
  circuit that has a single conducting path through
  which all charges (electrons) flow.

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• 9. What happens to a string of Christmas tree
  lights connected in series if one bums out?

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• 10. Describe what happens to the light bulbs in
  your home when one bulb bums out.

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• 11. Do you think the wires in your home are
  connected in series? Explain.

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L WHAT IS ANOTHER WAY TO GET MORE THAN ONE BULB
TO LIGHT IN A CIRCUIT?

• Materials battery and battery holder
• 2 bulbs and 2 bulb holders
• 4 20 cm lengths of green wire

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• 1. Get one bulb to light. Also get the other to
  light. If they do not appear the same brightness
  get two bulbs that appear to be the same
  brightness.

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• 2. Add one more bulb in a bulb holder to the
  circuit so that both bulbs are connected as in
  the drawing.

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• 3. What do you observe about the brightness of
  the bulbs? (1)

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• 4. How does the brightness of the bulbs in this
  arrangement compare to two bulbs arranged in
  series? (1)

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• 5. What do you predict will happen to one bulb
  when the other bulb is unscrewed. (1)

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• 6. Try it. What happened? (1)

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• 7. Again get both bulbs to light.

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• 8. What do you predict will happen when the other
  bulb is unscrewed? (1)

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• 9. Try it. Results? (1)

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• 10. The circuit you have constructed is called a
  parallel circuit. A parallel circuit is an
  electric circuit that has their own conducting
  path through which some of the charges
  (electrons) flow.

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• 11. Discuss the differences between
• bulbs connected in a series circuit vs
• bulbs connected in a parallel circuit.

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• 12. What type of circuit does a string of
  Christmas tree lights have, series or parallel?
  Explain. (2)

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• 13. When one bulb burns out in a string of
  Christmas tree lights, the others remain lit.
  Explain. (2)

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• 14. What type of circuit does the bulbs and
  appliances have in your home? Explain. (2)

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Compare
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M HOW MANY BULBS WILL ONE BATTERY LIGHT?

• Materials battery 5 to 10 Christmas tree
  bulbs 2-20 cm lengths bare copper wire (18-20
  gauge) battery holder

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• 1. See how many bulbs your group can get to
  light when each end of the wire of the Christmas
  tree lights as connected to one and the other
  copper wire.

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• Add photo

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• 2. What do you observe about the brightness of
  the bulbs already added to the circuit when
  additional bulbs are added? (1)

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• 3. Explain why this is so. (2)

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N USING TWO CELLS END TO END

• Materials 2 batteries 2 battery holders 1
  Christmas tree bulb 2 green connecting wire

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• 1. Get one bulb to light.

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• 2. What do you predict will happen to the
  brightness of the bulb when another battery is
  added to the circuit as shown? (1)

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• 3. Add the other battery to the circuit. The
  second battery is in series with the first
  battery.

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• 4. What, happens to the brightness of the bulb
  when the second battery is added? (1)

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• 5. Explain why the bulb is brighter with two
  batteries? (2)

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• 6. Draw the circuit arrangement of the 4
  batteries in your calculator. (1)

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• 7. How are they connected, in series or in
  parallel? (1)
• Why? (2)

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O USING TWO BATTERIES IN PARALLEL

• Materials 2 batteries 2 battery holders
• 1 Christmas tree bulbs2 lengths green wire

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• 1. Get one bulb to light using one battery, a
  bulb, and 2 wires.

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• 2. What do you predict will happen when another
  battery is added to the circuit as in the
  illustration?

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• 3. Add the second battery as in the illustration.

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• 4. What happens to the brightness of the bulb
  when the second battery is added? The batteries
  are connected in parallel. (1)

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• 5. Explain why the brightness is as it is.

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• 6. Name an appliance that has two or more
  batteries connected in parallel.

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• 7. Next, draw a diagram of the battery
  connection. (1)

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• 8. Describe how you can determine how batteries
  (more than one) are connected in series or
  parallel. (2)

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Series
Series
Parallel