Judicious Use of Pesticides

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Judicious Use of Pesticides

• Kansas State University
• Ward Upham

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What are Pesticides?

• Cide means to kill. Technically, a pesticide
  is something used to kill pests.

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Different Groups of Pesticides

• Fungicide Used to kill fungi
• Insecticide Used to kill insects
• Herbicide Used to kill weeds

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Current Definition of Pesticide
From Pesticide Application Training General
Manual

• A pesticide can also mean something that controls
  a pests activity or prevents them from causing
  damage. For example, Deet is considered a
  pesticide and is the active ingredient in many
  mosquito repellents.

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Ways to Control Pests Other Than Through
Pesticides

• Host resistance

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Host Resistance

• Tomatoes Celebrity (V,F2,N,T)
• Resistant to
• Verticillium Wilt
• Race 2 of Fusarium Wilt
• Nematodes
• Tobacco Mosaic Virus

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Ways to Control Pests Other Than Through
Pesticides

• Host resistance
• Tomatoes - Fusarium Wilt
• Biological control
• BT (a bacteria) and Lepidopterous Insects (moths
  and butterflies)

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Ways to Control Pests Other Than Through
Pesticides

• Host resistance
• Tomatoes - Fusarium Wilt
• Biological control
• BT and Lepidopterous Insects
• Cultural control
• Rotation
• Best for soil-borne immobile pests such as the
  corn wireworm
• Avoid planting closely related crops in
  succession. For example, muskmelon and squash.
• Sanitation
• Remove wilted lilac canes during the fall to
  control lilac borer

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Ways to Control Pests Other Than Through
Pesticides

• Host resistance
• Tomatoes - Fusarium Wilt
• Biological control
• BT and Lepidopterous Insects
• Cultural control
• Rotation
• Mechanical control
• Landscape fabrics

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Proper Use of Pesticides
Turfgrass

• Avoid getting fertilizer on sidewalks or street
• If you DO get fertilizer on sidewalks or street,
  blow or sweep it back on turf
• Water fertilizer in with moderate amount of water
• Spray only on calm days
• Use soil test so that you dont add unneeded
  nutrients

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Proper Use of Pesticides
Gardens Reduce or eliminate offsite transport
of nutrients and pesticides

• Water fertilizer in with moderate amount of water
• Spray only on calm days
• Use grass buffers around gardens
• Use soil test so that you dont add unneeded
  nutrients

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Phosphorus

• The majority of the soil tests in Kansas show
  high levels of phosphorus
• Excess levels can interfere with the uptake of
  micronutrients such as iron or zinc.
• Does not move well in the soil binds tightly to
  soil particles

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Preemergence Herbicides

• Applied before weeds germinate
• Must be watered in

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Preemergence Herbicides

• Must be watered in
• Only kills weed seeds as they germinate

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Preemergence Herbicides

• Must be watered in
• Only kills weed seeds as they germinate
• Need some time after application for activation
• Primarily used for annual grasses such as
  crabgrass

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Common Preemergence Herbicides

• Barricade
• Dimension
• Pendimethalin
• Team
• Preen
• Treflan

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Postemergence Herbicides

• Applied after weeds are up

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Postemergence Herbicides

• Applied after weeds are up
• Rain can reduce or eliminate effectiveness

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Common Postemergence Herbicides

• 2,4-D
• Weed-B-Gon
• Weed-Out
• Trimec products
• Turflon products

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Preventing Problems Using Good Seed

• Look for other crop seed, weed seed, and
  germination

Good
Not so good
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Pesticide Application

• Identify problem

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Pesticide Application

• Identify problem

Of all known insects, only 1/10 of 1 are serious
pests.
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Pesticide Application

• Identify problem

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Pesticide Application

• Identify problem

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Pesticide Application

• Identify problem

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Pesticide Application

• Identify problem

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Pesticide Application

• Identify pest

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Pesticide Application

• Identify pest

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Pesticide Application

• Identify pest

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Pesticide Application

• Identify problem

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Pesticide Application

• Identify problem

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Pesticide Application

• Identify problem

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Pesticide Application

• Identify problem

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Pesticide Application

• Identify problem

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Pesticide Application

• Identify pest
• Determine which product, formulation and
  application method to use
• Determine area to be treated if applicable

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Determine Area

• Wrong Method

20'
Total
1800 sq. ft.
40'
50'
20'
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Determine Area

• Correct Method

15'
Total
1200 sq. ft.
30'
15'
15'x12'/2
90sq. ft.
40'
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Pesticide Application

• Determine area
• Determine which product, applicator and
  formulation to use
• Calculate how much product should go down on that
  area.

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Pesticide Application

• Determine area
• Determine which product, applicator and
  formulation to use
• Calculate how much product should go down on that
  area.
• Use recommended settings or calibrate equipment

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Pesticide Applicators

• Liquid applicators
• Hose End Applicator

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Pesticide Applicators

• Liquid applicators
• Hose End Applicator
• Hand-held or Backpack Sprayers

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Pesticide Applicators

• Liquid applicators
• Hose End Applicator
• Hand-held or Backpack Sprayer
• Trombone Sprayer
• Up to 140 psi

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Pesticide Applicators

• Liquid applicators
• Hose End Applicator
• Hand-held or Backpack Sprayer
• Trombone Sprayer
• Water Can Applicator

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Pesticide Applicators

• Liquid applicators
• In some instances, a certain amount of pesticide
  is mixed with a gallon of water. In these cases,
  no calibration is necessary. By far the most
  common for homeowners. For example, Roundup
  mixed at 6 ounces per gallon.
• In other cases, a certain amount of product must
  be applied to a specific area. For example
  Daconil applied to a lawn at the rate of 8 fluid
  ounces per 1000 square feet.

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Pesticide Applicators

• Hose-End Applicators
• Concentrate Plus Water Type
• Dial Type

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Pesticide Applicators

• Concentrate Plus Water Type
• Add enough pesticide for the gallons to be
  sprayed
• Add water up to the gallon level needed

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Pesticide Applicators

• Dial Type
• Add enough pesticide for the gallons to be
  sprayed
• Set dial to apply product at recommended rate

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Pesticide Applicators

• Liquid applicators
• Dry applicators
• Drop spreaders
• Whirlybird spreaders

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Drop Spreader

• Relatively easy to calibrate
• Takes more time than whirlybird type
• Skips extremely obvious, need to go over area 2
  times to avoid skips.

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Whirlybird Spreader

• Difficult to calibrate
• Can apply fertilizer relatively quickly
• Easier to avoid skips
• With right method, only need to go over area one
  time

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Pesticide Application

• Determine area
• Determine which product, applicator and
  formulation to use
• Calculate how much product should go down on that
  area.
• Use recommended settings or calibrate equipment
• Always check to see if you put down the right
  amount of product.

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Common Mistakes

• Mix herbicide too strong
• Some herbicides are translocated to the roots.
  Enough herbicide must reach the roots to kill
  them.
• If herbicide is mixed too strong, it may burn off
  the top but not hurt the root. Weed comes back.
• Fertilize too heavy
• Can burn the plants
• Can make crop too succulent so that it is more
  susceptible to disease
• Can cause the plant to use up its carbohydrate
  reserves. Less able to resist stress.

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Changes in Products Recommended

• Borers
• Products normally recommended has been Dursban
  and Lindane. Lindane and Dursban are
  unavailable.
• Use permethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid found in
  Hi- Yield Garden, Pet and Livestock Spray (check
  label).
• Spider mites
• Kelthane no longer available for ornamentals.
• Use bifenthrin, also a synthetic pyrethroid which
  can be found in Ortho's Rose Flower Insect
  Killer

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Products that Make Applications Easier

• Tip-N-Measure

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Products that Make Applications Easier

• Tip-N-Measure
• Spred-Rite

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Pesticide Information NPTN

• NPTN National Pesticide Telecommuncations
  Network
• Provides science-based info regarding
• Pesticide Products
• Recognition and management of pesticide poisoning
• Toxicology
• Environmental chemistry
• Http//npic.orst.edu/
• 1-800-858-7378

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The End