[e-mail]

1
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Genetics (1)
??? (1)
?????? ?????? ?????
07-31211012755
yukkwa_at_kmu.edu.tw
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• Understanding
• Vocabulary for genetics
• Lyon hypothesis

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References for genetics (1) and (2)

1. Oral Pathology for the Dental Hygienist. Olga AC
   Ibsen, Joan Anderson Phelan, 4th edition, 2004,
   p. 216-45
2. ??? ????? Chapter 2-6, p. 25-92
3. http//ccms.nut.edu.tw/juang/JRH/Amino.htm
4. www-rohan.sdsu.edu/sepa/genetics.htm
5. http//ehrweb.aaas.org/ehr/books/2_dominant.html
6. http//library.thinkquest.org/06aug/00440/superbib
   liography.html
7. Tarjan I, et al. Early prosthetic treatment of
   patients with ectodermal dysplasia A clinical
   report. J Prosthet Dent 200593419-24
8. www.genetic-programming.org
9. What you need to know about cancer. Sci Am
   199628928-119
10. Gibbs WW. Untangling the roots of cancer. Sci Am
    200328956-65
11. Bowden JR, et al. DNA microarray technology
    insights for oral and maxillofacial surgeons. Br
    J Oral Maxillofac Surg 200442542-5
12. Kuo WP, et al. Microarrays and clinical
    dentistry. JADA2003134-456-62
13. Ralf D. The first discovery of DNA. Sci Am
    200396320-8
14. www.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/Bio
    BookglossL.html
15. juang.bst.ntu.edu.tw/BCbasics/Amino1.htm
16. www.counterbalance.net/cqmedia/chrom-body.html
17. www.knowledgerush.com/kr/encyclopedia/Chromosome
18. http//images2.clinicaltools.com/PageReq?id56518
    73

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Genetics
Vocabulary
Alleles. Genes that are located at the same level
or locus in the two chromosomes of a pair and
that determine the same functions or
characteristics
Refs. 1, 2
5
Genetics
Vocabulary
Amino acid. An organic compound containing the
amino group NH2 amino acids are the main
component of proteins
juang.bst.ntu.edu.tw/BCbasics/Amino1.htm
Refs. 3, 15
6
Genetics
Vocabulary
Autosomes. The non-sex chromosomes, which are
identical for men and women
Refs. 1, 2
7
Genetics
Vocabulary
Barr body. Condensed chromatin of the inactivated
X chromosome, which is found at the periphery of
the nucleus of cells in women
Refs. 1, 2, 14
8
Genetics
Vocabulary
Refs. 2, 14
9
Genetics
Vocabulary
Ref. 2
10
Genetics
Vocabulary
Ref. 2
11
Genetics
Vocabulary
Ref. 2
12
Genetics
Vocabulary
Ref. 2
13
Genetics
Vocabulary
Carrier. In genetics, a heterozygous individual
who is clinically normal but who can transmit a
recessive trait or characteristic also, a person
who is homozygous for an autosomal dominant
condition with low penetrance
Ref. 1
14
Genetics
Vocabulary
Centromere. The constricted portion of the
chromosome that divides the short arms from the
long arms
Refs. 1, 2
15
Genetics
Vocabulary
p arm
q arm
Ref. 2
16
Genetics
Vocabulary
Chromatid. Either of the two vertical halves of a
chromosomes that are joined at the centromere
Refs. 1, 2
17
Genetics
Vocabulary
Chromatin. A general term used to refer to the
material (DNA) that forms the chromosomes
Refs. 1, 3
18
Genetics
Vocabulary
Codon. The vertical sequence of three bases
in DNA that codes for an amino acid
Refs. 1, 2
19
Genetics
Vocabulary
Ref. 2
20
Genetics
Vocabulary
Ref. 2
21
Genetics
Vocabulary
Ref. 2
22
Genetics
Vocabulary
Ref. 2
23
Genetics
Vocabulary
Ref. 2
24
Genetics
Vocabulary
Ref. 2
25
Genetics
Vocabulary
Ref. 2
26
Genetics
Vocabulary
Ref. 2
27
Genetics
Vocabulary
Ref. 2
28
Genetics
Vocabulary
Ref. 18
29
Genetics
Vocabulary
Consanguinity (? ?). Blood relationship in
genetics, the term is generally used to describe
a mating or marriage between close relatives
Deoxyribonucleic acid. DNA a substance composed
of a double chain of polynucleotides, both chains
coiled around a central axis form a double helix
it is the basic genetic code or template for
amino acid formation
Ref. 1
30
Genetics
Vocabulary
Diploid (? ?). Having two sets of chromosomes
the normal constitution of somatic cells
Dominant (? ?). In genetics, a trait or
characteristic that is manifested when it is
carried by only one of a pair of homologous
chromosomes
Ref. 1
31
Genetics
Vocabulary - diploid - dominant
Ref. 5
32
Genetics
Vocabulary
Expressivity. The degree of clinical
manifestation of a trait or characteristic
Facies. The appearance of the face
Gamete (? ?). Spermatozoon or ovum
Genetic heterogeneity. Having more than one
inheritance pattern
Ref. 1
33
Genetics
Vocabulary
Haploid (? ?). A cell with a single set of
chromosomes a gamete is haploid
Heterozygote (? ? ? ? ?). An individual with two
different genes at the allele loci
Ref. 1
34
Genetics
Vocabulary
Hypohidrosis. Abnormally diminished secretion of
sweat
Hypotrichosis. Presence of less than the normal
amount of hair
Karyotype (????). A photomicrographic
representation of a persons chromosomal
constitution arranged according to the Denver
classification
Ref. 1
35

• Vocabulary
• Ectodermal
• dysplasia

Ref. 7
36

• Vocabulary
• Ectodermal
• dysplasia

Ref. 7
37
Genetics
Karyotype
Refs. 4, 6
38
Genetics
Karyotype
Ref. 4
39
Genetics
Karyotype
Ref. 10
40
Genetics
Vocabulary
Locus (? ? ?). The position occupied by a gene on
a chromosome
Meiosis (? ? ? ?). The two-step cellular division
of the original germ cells, which reduces the
chromosomes from 4nDNA to 1nDNA
Metaphase (? ?). The phase of cellular division
in which the chromosomes are lined up evenly
along the equatorial plane of the cell and in
which the chromosomes are most visible
Ref. 1
41
Genetics
Vocabulary
Mitosis (? ? ? ?). The way in which somatic cells
divide so that the two daughter cells receive the
same number of identical chromosomes
Mutation (? ?). A permanent change in the
arrangement of genetic material
Oogenesis (? ? ? ? ?). The process of formation
of female germ cells (ova)
Ref. 1
42
Genetics
Vocabulary
Ovum (? ? ?). An egg the mature feminine germ
cell
Penetrance (? ? ?). The frequency with which a
heritable trait is manifested by individuals
carrying the gene or genes that determine that
trait (??)
Phenotype (? ? ?). The entire physical,
biochemical, and physiologic make-up of an
individual genotype is the genetic composition,
and phenotype is its observable appearance
Ref. 1
43
Genetics
Vocabulary
Recessive (? ?). A trait or characteristic that
shows clinically when there is a double gene dose
(homozygous) in autosomic chromosomes or a single
gene dose in males if the trait is X-linked
Ribonucleic acid (? ? ? ?). RNA single strands
of polynucleotides found in all cells different
types of RNA have different functions in the
production of proteins by the cell
Ref. 1
44
Genetics
Vocabulary
Ribosome (? ? ?). The cytoplasmic organelles in
which proteins are formed based on the genetic
code provided by RNA
Spermatogensis (? ? ? ? ? ?). The process of
formation of spermatozoa (sperm)
Spermatozoon (? ? ? ?). The mature male germ cell
Ref. 1
45
Genetics
Vocabulary
Syndrome (? ? ?). A set of signs or symptoms, or
both, occurring together
Translocation (? ?). A portion of a chromosome
attached to another chromosomes
Trisomy (? ? ? ?). A pair of chromosomes with an
identical extra chromosome
Ref. 1
46
Summaries

• Knowing
• Define each words listed in vocabulary list
• 2. Explain what is meant by the Lyon hypothesis
  and
• give an example of its clinical significance