CLASSES OF DRUGS

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CLASSES OF DRUGS

• Ivana Tkalcic
• Mentor A. Žmegac Horvat

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Analgesics

• Mild (headache, myalgia, toothache)
• Narcotic (opioid)
• -induce stupor
• -used only to relieve severe pain
• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

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Anesthetics

• Reduce or eliminate sensation
• General or local anesthetics

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Antibiotics and antivirals

• Antibiotics - produced by microorganisms
• - inhibit or kill bacteria, fungi or
  parasites
• - caution about the use of antibiotics
• Antivirals - used against viruses (EBV, CMV,HIV)

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Anticoagulants and antiplatelet drugs

• Prevent blood clotting
• Thrombosis and embolism
• Transfusion
• Heparin
• Antiplatelet drugs reduce tendency of platelets
  to stick together

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Anticonvulsants

• Prevent or reduce the frequency of convulsions in
  various types of epilepsy

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Antidepressants

• Treat symptoms of depression
• Tricyclics (TCAs) and selective serotonin
  reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
• Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
• Lithium

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Antidiabetics

• Treat diabetes mellitus
• Type 1 daily injections of insulin
• Type 2 oral antidiabetic drugs (sulfonylureas,
  biguanides, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors,
  thiazolidinediones and meglitinides)

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Antihistamines

• Block the action of histamine
• Cannot cure alergic reactions but relieve
  symptoms
• Many side effects

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Cardiovascular drugs

• Act on the heart or blood vessels
• Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
• Angiotensin ll receptor antagonists
• Antiarrhythmics
• Beta-blockers
• Calcium antagonists or calcium channel blockers

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• Cholesterol-lowering drugs (cholestyramine and
  statins)
• Diuretics

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Endocrine drugs

• Act in the same manner as naturally occuring
  hormones
• Androgens
• Antiandrogens
• Estrogens
• Antiestrogens
• Aromatase inhibitors
• Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERM)
• Progestins

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• Thyroid hormone
• Glucocorticoids

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Gastrointestinal drugs

• Used to relieve uncomfortable and potentially
  dangerous symptoms
• Antacids
• Antiulcer drugs
• Antidiarrheal drugs
• Cathartics laxatives and purgatives
• Antinauseants

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Respiratory drugs

• Treat asthma, emphysema, chronic bronchitis and
  bronchospasm
• Bronchodilators
• Steroid drugs
• Leukotriene modifiers

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Sedatives, hypnotics and tranquilizers

• Depress central nervous system, promote
  drowsiness and sleep
• Insomnia and other sleep disorders
• Tranquilizers for controlling anxiety

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Stimulants

• Act on the brain to speed up vital processes in
  case of shock and collapse
• Amphetamines
• Caffeine

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