Chapter 22 Behavior Modification

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Chapter 22 Behavior Modification
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• Behavior is learned
• Linked to antecedents and consequences

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Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change (TMBC)

• Change is a dynamic process
• Attitudes, decisions, and actions related to
  change evolve over time

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Three Dimensions of TMBC

• Stages of change
• Attitudes, beliefs, and skills for change
• Level of change (Context)

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Stages of Change

• Precontemplation
• Contemplation
• Preparation
• Action
• Maintenance

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Attitudes, Beliefs, and Behavioral Skills

• Self-efficacy
• Decisional balance
• Processes or strategies
• Behavioral
• Experiential

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Level of Change

• Context in which problem behavior occurs
• Prerequisites

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Appropriate Intervention Strategies

• Applied based on physical activity history and
  readiness to change
• Strategies appropriate for
• Precontemplation
• Contemplation
• Preparation
• Action
• Maintenance

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Influencing Exercise Adoption

• Planning for Preparation Stage
• Need specific plan for change, steps to make it
  easier
• Individual Influences
• Exercise history
• Motivation
• Perceived behavioral control

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• Social Influences
• Social support
• Practical help what can you do for me
• Emotional support - hooray
• Environmental Influences
• Cues, accesibility
• Chain of behaviors oh no not that again
• Time!!!

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Motivating Change Among the Inactive Population

• Try to get individuals thinking about increasing
  PA
• Educate about benefits
• Inquire about exercise hx
• Dispel myths
• Develop positive attitudes
• Identify how exercise will benefit them directly

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Motivating Change Among the Inactive Population

• Develop knowledge, attitudes, and skills to
  support change
• Restructure negative statements into positive
  statements
• Build self-efficacy
• Mastery experiences
• Verbal persuasion
• Modeling
• Interpreting physiological responses

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Motivating Change Among the Inactive Population

• Realistic expectations
• Identify barriers
• Personal, physical, interpersonal, and
  environmental barriers
• Foster motivation
• reinforcers

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Enhancing Adherence

• Assessment
• Evaluation and reevaluation
• Identify problem in behavioral terms
• Examine ex. hx
• Factors initiating change
• Self-Monitoring
• Includes logging ex. Behavior and thoughts,
  feelings, etc prior to and after ex.

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• Goal Setting
• Plan of action linking behavior to an outcome
• Reasonable and realistic
• Reinforcement
• Tangible/intangible
• Self-reinforcement

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• Contracting
• Written formal agreement
• Relapse Prevention
• Coping strategies

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Communication

• Listen effectively and respond empathetically
• Words do mean things, but the tone of voice,
  volume, and non-verbal actions may change the
  meaning
• Noise

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• Listen, pause, clarify, validate

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Characteristics of The Effective Helper

• Empathy understanding
• Respect positive regard
• Concreteness specific about feelings and goals
• Genuineness authenticity and sincerity
• Confrontation seeing things differently from
  how they are presented

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Ethical Considerations

• Important ethical and legal consideration
• Content and extent of consent forms vary but
  enough information must be present to ensure that
  the participant knows and understands purposes
  and risks.
• INFORMED CONSENT
• Most legal action results from a failure to
  obtain adequate informed consent
• Frequent complaint resulting in legal action
• Negligent in explanation of procedure including
  the risks
• Breach of confidentiality
• Frustration at lack of will to change