Arguments for The Existence of God

1
Arguments forThe Existence of God

• Ontological
• Cosmological
• Telelogical

2
Gods Existence

• Not subjective
• Not unprovable in principle
• Natural Theology Knowing God through reason
• Biblical Theology Knowing God through revelation

3
The Ontological Argument

• A priori (vs. a posteriori)
• God exists by definition
• If you think about the concept of God hard
  enough, youll see that he must exist

4
Descartes Version

• God is a perfect being
• A perfect being must contain all perfections
• Existence is a perfection.
• God exists.

5
Anselms Version

• Reductio ad absurdum
• Indirect proof - show that atheism leads to a
  contradiction, so theism must be true

6
Anselms Version

• Assume God doesnt exist
• God exists only in the mind
• The Greatest Conceivable Being (GCB) exists only
  in the mind
• But this cant be true because there is a greater
  being, which exists not only in the mind but in
  reality as well

7
Anselms Version

• The GCB exists ONLY in the mind
• The GCB isnt the GCB
• A is not A lt-- Contradiction
• Atheism leads to a contradiction
• Atheism is false
• Its not true that God doesnt exist
• God exists

8
Anselms Version

• Assume not-G.
• If not-G, then GCB not-GCB
• Not-not-G
• G

9
Gaunillos Objection

• The Greatest Conceivable Island Objection
  (Perfect Island, Lost Island)
• Assume the GCI exists only in the mind.
• If the GCI exists only in the mind, then a
  greater island can be imagined, which exists not
  only in the mind but in reality
• The GCI isnt really the GCI (contrad.)
• The GCI must exist.

10
Gaunillos Objection

• Anselm My argument doesnt work for the greatest
  conceivable kind of type of being, just the
  greatest conceivable being in general.
• Once the limiting, imperfect particulars of the
  island are eliminated, the Island starts to look
  like God.

11
Kants Objection

• Existence isnt a property (real predicate)
• The concept of a real 100 is the same as an
  imaginary 100 its just that one is
  instantiated.
• Existence applies to a thing and its properties
  together it is not itself a property.

12
Malcolms Modal Version

• God is a necessary being.
• If Gods existence is possible, then its actual.
• Gods existence is possible.
• God must exist.
• Objection Maybe Gods existence isnt possible

13
Other Objections

• God doesnt exist in the mind.
• Exist in the mind equivocates on the term
  exists.
• The terms greater and greatest are vague,
  value-laden or assume a Platonic metaphysics with
  degrees of reality.
• Which is greater Jupiter or the DNA molecule?

14
The Cosmological Argument

• A posteriori
• Aquinas 5 ways
• Motion
• Change
• Possibility and necessity
• Gradation of being
• Governance of the word