Industrialization Immigration Urbanization

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IndustrializationImmigrationUrbanization
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WHY? More factories more workersUSA land of
opportunity
Why? People leaving farms for the city and
factory jobs
Resources
Why? New immigrants flooded the cities in search
of work.
Why? People losing farms going brokeFactory
jobs pay more, easier life in cities
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People move to the US for better jobs, religious
freedom stable government, and/or social
advancement.
People moved from rural areas to cities for
jobs in factories
OVER POPULATED CITIES
POVERTY CRIME DISEASE
results
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Push Pull factors

• Push Factor
• Reason(s) to leave ones birth country to live in
  a foreign country

• Pull factors
• Reason(s) a foreign country inspires people from
  their home country

Get out
Come here
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Immigration

• Push Factors
• Poverty
• Worker Uncertainty
• Political tyranny
• Religious Oppression

• Pull Factors
• Land and Work
• Better standard of living
• Stable government
• Opportunity for Social advancement

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Steerage

• Why travel in these conditions?
• Difficult Expensive to get to US
• What was the journey like
• Travel was basic, cheap, crowded, miserable
• Filthy cramped living conditions.
• Trip took 7 to 21 days
• RATS-LICE-Disease-Death

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Immigration
Old Immigrants N W Europe
Asians
European
Latin America

• E. S. European

New Immigrants S E Europe
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Ellis Island

• Processing center for immigrants New York harbor
• Frantic pace, Lost Identities, Health Inspections

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How the Political Machine Worked
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Urban Politics

• Cities grow faster than government
• Political Machine
• Informal political group
• Gain keep power
• Got things for the working class.
• Jobs, homes, food, clothes, heat, protection,
  etc
• Positive note
• Provided necessary services helped assimilate
  the new city dwellers.
• Party Boss received votes for Providing things
• Once elected used political power for greed.
• Graftsgetting money through dishonest or
  questionable means.
• Bribes

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Tammany Hall

• William Boss Tweed
• Tweed Courthouse
• One of the most corrupt politicians in history
• Grossly overpaid contractors for work
• 13 million.
• 180,000(2.5mil) for 3 tables 40 chairs.
• Imprisoned for corruption. Died.
• Thomas Nast Political cartoons exposed corruption

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Nativist- English/Protestant descent

• Extreme dislike of foreigners
• Focused on
• Jews
• Catholics
• E. Europeans
• Asians
• Immigrants
• Worked for less money
• Were easily replaceable
• Had Communist Anarchist ideas

We were here firstProtect the American Worker
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Nativism

• Labor Unions anti-immigration
• Anti-Immigration Org
• American Protective Association
• Workingmans Party of California
• Chinese Exclusion Acts
• Banned for 10 years
• Chinese in US could not become citizens

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Immigrants revolution, communism,Anarchy
MARXIST

• Communism ---gt classless society
• People control everything
• Inspires Revolution

ANARCHISTS

• Anarchist
• No government
• Inspires Revolution

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Urban American Social Issues

• Immigration
• Urbanization
• Gilded Age
• Social Darwinism
• Early Reform

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Urbanization Ethnic Cities

• Positives

• Negatives

• Lived with similar people who shared
• Language
• Customs
• Culture
• Sense of Security
• Sense of Belonging

• Slow to assimilate to America culture
• Segregation led to violence
• Irish vs. Italians
• Polish vs. Russians
• Slow to learn ENGLISH
• Cant communicate
• Hard to find a job
• Basic needs

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Gilded Age

• Coined by Mark Twain
• Gilded Covered in Gold
• New Inventions
• Skyscrapers
• Electricity
• Great wealth
• Covered
• Poverty
• Crime
• Corruption
• Gap between rich and poor

GILDED AGE
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Urban Problems

• 4 Major Problems
• Overcrowding
• Crime/Violence
• Sanitation
• Political Corruption

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Urbanization

• Immigrants Lacked
• Money
• Cant buy land or farms
• Education
• Forced to stay in cities.
• Long Hours
• Little Pay
• Poor Working conditions

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Urbanization

• Cities
• Overcrowding
• Plumbing
• Running water
• Electricity
• Cultural Centers
• Museums
• Libraries
• Theaters

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Ethnic Cities

• Gangs Crime
• 5 points
• Promotes hostilities between other ethnicities
  natives.

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Class Division

• High Society
• Wealthiest Families
• Lived in the heart of the city.
• Extravagant homes
• Moved to the outskirts to avoid
  overcrowding.This happens again in the 1940s and
  50s

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Class Division

• Middle Class
• Doctors
• Lawyers
• Teachers
• Architects
• streetcar suburbs

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Class Division

• Working Class
• Tenements
• Unsanitary-diseases
• Crowded- many families share housing
• Dangerous-crime, alcohol, gangs

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Individualism

• Belief that despite their origins, one could rise
  to as far as talent and commitment would take
  them.

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Social Darwinism

• Herbert Spencer
• On the Origins of Species by Means of Natural
  Selection
• Natural Selection plant and animal evolution
  (survival of the fittest)
• Social, Political Economic issues
• Laissez-faire
• Rockefeller
• Standard Oil
• I am rich because I am smarter and better.

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Gospel of Wealth

• Andrew Carnegie
• Philanthropy
• increase the well-being of society, by charitable
  aid or donations
• Duty of the wealthy

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Political Reform

• Patronage- Gov. jobs are given to the supporters
  of the winning party. (spoils system)
• 1880 Garfield assassinated.
• 1883 Pendleton Act-
• Ended spoils system
• Testing and competition.

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Urban Reform

• Salvation Army- Welfare organization, offered aid
  and religious counseling to the poor.
• YMCA- helped workers poor through bible study,
  citizenship training group activities.

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Early Reformers

• Jacob Riis- Immigrant issues How the Other Half
  Lives
• Jane Addams - Hull House
• Settlement home for Immigrants, Women Children
• Lewis Hines - Child Labor
• Robert Lafollette Political reformer. Laboratory
  of Democracy