Emergency Lighting Chris Holder Thorlux Lighting

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Emergency LightingChris HolderThorlux Lighting


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Fires by Building Type 2004
Fire Statistics, United Kingdom by ODPM 2004
Total gt37,000 fires (excludes domestic)
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Agenda

1. Legislation/Standards/Guidance
2. Design Requirements
3. Equipment latest developments
4. Ownership
5. Automatic Testing Products and Systems
6. Summary

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Bewildering/Confusing Array of References!

• Just some!..
• BS 5266 pt 1 2005 pt 7(EN1838) 1999
• BS EN 12193 1999
• BS 5499 1-5 gt2000
• BS EN 60598-2-22 1999
• BS EN 50172 2004
• BS EN 620342006
• RRO (Fire Safety) 2005
• Building Regs. Approved Doc. B 2007

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Status Hierarchy
EN Standards BS EN 60598 2-22 BS EN 1838 BS EN
50172 BS EN 12193 BS EN 62034
UK LAW Bldg Regs 2007 H S Signs 1997 RRO (Fire
Safety) 2005
BS Codes of Practice BS 52661 BS 54991-5
Industry Prof Guides CIBSE LG12 ICEL HSE, etc
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Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005

• Objectives
• To harmonise existing legislation
• To create a regime based on risk assessment
  fire prevention mitigation measures
• Ensure that fire safety facilities and equipment
  are maintained

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Agenda

1. Legislation/Standards/Guidance
2. Design Requirements
3. Equipment latest developments
4. Ownership
5. Automatic Testing Products and Systems
6. Summary

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Types of Emergency Lighting Defined
Emergency Lighting
Standby Lighting
Escape Lighting
High Risk Area
Open Area
Escape Route
Low-mounted way guidance system
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Types of Emergency Lighting Defined
Emergency Lighting
Standby Lighting
Escape Lighting
High Risk Area
Open Area
Escape Route
Low-mounted way guidance system
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Standby Lighting BS EN 501722004
Applications requiring UPS (100 lighting)
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Types of Emergency Lighting Defined
Emergency Lighting
Standby Lighting
Escape Lighting
High Risk Area
Open Area
Escape Route
Low-mounted way guidance system
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High Risk Areas BS5266 pt 71999

• Safe Termination of Hazardous activity
• Safe passage / rescue access
• 10 normal lighting MIN 15 LUX
• Uniformity gt 0.1 min/av
• Might need UPS/ small Central Battery system

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Types of Emergency Lighting Defined
Emergency Lighting
Standby Lighting
Escape Lighting
High Risk Area
Open Area
Escape Route
Low-mounted way guidance system
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Open Areas (gt60m2) Anti Panic BS5266 pt 71999
Or as determined by Risk Assessment Building
Regulations Approved Doc B 2007

• Illumination Level 0.5 lux minimum
• Uniformity (MaxMin) 401
• Exclude 0.5m border

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Types of Emergency Lighting Defined
Emergency Lighting
Standby Lighting
Escape Lighting
High Risk Area
Open Area
Escape Route
Low-mounted way guidance system
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Escape Routes BS5266 pt 71999

• 1 lux min along centreline
• Uniformity (MaxMin) 401
• (EN1838 A deviation 0.2 lux min if
  Permanently Unobstructed)

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Essential Siting Of Emergency LuminairesBS5266
pt 71999

• All Defined Escape Routes
• Changes To Route Direction
• Within 2 metres horizontal distance

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Essential Siting Of Emergency Luminaires BS5266
pt 71999

• EXIT DOORS (Intended for use in emergency)

• Within 2 metres horizontal distance

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Essential Siting Of Emergency Luminaires BS5266
pt 71999

• External escape routes may need lighting
• Consider muster points / roll calls

• Within 2 metres horizontal distance

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Essential Siting Of Emergency Luminaires BS5266
pt 71999

• STAIRS / ESCALATORS
• FLOOR LEVEL CHANGES / MOVING WALKWAYS
• Each tread should receive direct light
• (Painting stair nosings in a light colour can
  assist safety)

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Essential Siting Of Emergency Luminaires BS5266
pt 71999

• Toilets gt 8m2 floor
• Any windowless Toilets
• Any facility for the disabled

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Essential Siting Of Emergency Luminaires BS5266
pt 71999

• FIRE ALARM CALL POINTS

• FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENT

• Within 2 metres horizontal distance
• NB - 5 lux minimum on floor if not on escape
  route

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Essential Siting Of Emergency Luminaires BS5266
pt 71999

• FIRST AID
• SAFETY SIGNS EQUIPMENT

• Within 2 metres horizontal distance
• NB - 5 lux minimum on floor if not on escape
  route

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Emergency SignsBS EN 501722004

• Required to ensure ESCAPE ROUTES are APPARENT
  from ANY LOCATION
• Series of signs may be reqd.
• MAINTAINED where occupants will be unfamiliar
  with building layout

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Sign Formats Status
Now ILLEGAL (since 1999)
UK PREFERENCE BS5499-42000 (wht man
internally lit / green man externally lit.)
MOST COMMONLY AVAILABLE SI341 HSE Signs Directive
Format
HTM65 NHS HOSPITALS
NB All signs should be of the same format
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Externally or Internally Lit? BS5266 pt 71999
EXTERNALLY LIT
INTERNALLY LIT
h
100 X h ( 15m?) 100 lux vertical illumination
(mains) and 5 lux (battery) (Minimum values)
200 x h ( 30m?) gt 2 cd/m2
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Signage
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Direction Arrows BS5499-42000
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Luminaire Photometric DataBS5266-12005
Spacing Tables via Dialux
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Direct light only BS5266-12005
zero reflection factors for all surfaces
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Uniformity RequirementsEscape Routes Open
AreasBS5266 pt 71999

• Max Min 40 1
• Escape Route 40 lux/1 lux
• Open Area 20 lux/0.5 lux

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Individual Luminaire Failure BS EN 50172

• Minimum 2 luminaires per compartment (where
  practical)
• Use more low powered luminaires rather than fewer
  higher powered

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Avoiding Disability GlareBS5266 pt 71999
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ConclusionsBS5266-12005

• Clients Fire Risk Assessment should be consulted
• Guidance needed on requirements over minimum
  levels and locations
• Points of emphasis need to be finalised!
• Designer undertakes legal responsibility! (Signed
  Declaration of Conformity reqd)

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Agenda

1. Legislation/Standards/Guidance
2. Design Requirements
3. Equipment latest developments
4. Ownership
5. Automatic Testing Products and Systems
6. Summary

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Categories of OperationBS5266-12005
X 1 180
Maintained 3 hour M/3
X 0 180
Non-maintained 3 hour NM/3
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Categories of OperationBS5266-12005
Type Type Mode of Operation Mode of Operation Facilities Facilities Duration (Self-contained only) Duration (Self-contained only)
X Self-contained 0 Non-maintained A Inc. test device 10 10 min
Z Central System 1 Maintained B Inc. remote rest mode 60 1 hour
2 Combined non-maintained C Inc. inhibiting mode 120 2 hour
3 Combined maintained D High risk task luminaire 180 3 hour
4 Compound non-maintained
5 Compound maintained
6 Satellite
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Maintained or Non Maintained ? BS5266-12005

• Maintained Exit signs when building users will
  be unfamiliar with its layout.
• Maintained within common circulation areas of
  shopping malls.
• Maintained usually saves installation points
  (regular luminaires converted)
• Lamp Integrity needs close attention
• Temperature/Battery life issues

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Luminaire SpecificationsBS EN 60598-2-22

• CE Marked declaring compliance with all relevant
  standards
• (Tech File includes EMC test certification)
• Makes site conversions very dubious

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LEDs

• Light output now high enough
• Long life
• Low power consumption

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LED Exit Signs

• 100,000 hr life over 11 years continuous
  illumination
• NiMh batteries 8 years rated life

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Agenda

1. Legislation/Standards/Guidance
2. Design Requirements
3. Equipment latest developments
4. Ownership
5. Automatic Testing Products and Systems
6. Summary

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Good Housekeeping!

• As part of a Safety Culture
• Regular Inspections/Maintenance and Risk
  Assessment Reviews
• Escape Routes permanently unobstructed
• No locked/blocked exit doors

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Servicing

• Regular servicing is essential
• Responsible Person should appoint a Competent
  Person with authority to ensure correct
  testing/maintenance/logging

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Inspection TestingBS EN 501722004

• Commissioning
• Full 3 hour duration (after 24 hours
  uninterrupted charge time)
• Monthly
• Short test to ensure emergency lamp functionality
• Annual (NEW, was after 3 years)
• Full rated battery duration test

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Agenda

1. Legislation/Standards/Guidance
2. Design Requirements
3. Equipment latest developments
4. Ownership
5. Automatic Testing Products and Systems
6. Summary

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Autotest Products Systems

• Product Standard
• BS EN 620342006 Standard for Automatic Test
  Systems

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Basic Principles

• Self-monitoring
• Timing Circuit
• Charging
• Lamp
• Communications
• Compliant test schedule
• Test result status indication
• Minimise risk by randomising/staggering testing

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Solutions

• Stand-alone Luminaires
• Network Systems

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Stand-alone Luminaires Exit Signs

• Each device tests itself
• Indication by status LED
• Use of bi-colour LEDs
• May use audible sounder
• Test procedure automatic but results need to be
  recorded manually every 30 days

Healthy
Flashing Red Faulty
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Stand-alone

• Advantages
• Easy to specify
• Easy to install
• Simplifies testing procedures
• Reduces possibility of error

• Disadvantages
• Increased cost typically 30 - 40
• User has to remember to inspect on a regular
  basis
• Test results need to be manually recorded

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Networked Monitoring Systems

• Luminaires Signs linked back to central
  monitoring reporting device
• Luminaire, zone central status indication
• Detailed test reports
• NOT rely on central device to initiate emergency
  mode

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Latest Generation Technology

• Remote reporting using web/email
• Pro-active system lets you know when theres a
  fault
• Multiple Buildings
• Fault identification
• Reduces time spent diagnosing fault
• Helps ensure maintenance engineer arrives with
  correct parts
• Records Archive

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Networked Systems

• Advantages
• Constant self-monitoring
• Central status indication speeds up inspection
  process
• Test results are prepared/stored automatically
• Pro-active ideal for remote monitoring

• Disadvantages
• Increased capital cost
• Installation of signal cable zone/central
  controllers not so easy to retrofit

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Summary

• Stand-alone
• Easier to specify install
• User must still inspect every month
• Manual record keeping

• Networked systems
• Simplifies inspection usually to one central
  location
• Significant reduction in test/inspection costs
• Automatic record generation archiving
• Pro-active remote reporting

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Cost Comparison Primary School Project

• 100 luminaires exit signs
• Standard Emergency
• Stand-alone AutoTest
• Networked Auto-Test (includes zone centralised
  equipment)

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Capital Outlay
Option 1 Standard Emergency Luminaires Option 2 AutoTest Emergency Luminaires Option 3 Networked System
Cost of Equipment Installation 15,000 19,000 21,800
100 127 145
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Annual Testing Costs
Option 1 Standard Emergency Luminaires Option 2 AutoTest Emergency Luminaires Option 3 Networked System
Annual Testing Cost 3,000 1,500 600
Total over 10 years (3 infl. pa) 34,400 17,200 6,878
100 50 20
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10 yr. Life-Cycle Costs
Option 1 Standard Emergency Luminaires Option 2 AutoTest Emergency Luminaires Option 3 Networked System
Equip. Inst 15,000 19,000 21,800
10 yr Testing 34,400 17,200 6,800
10 Yr Life Costs 49,400 36,200 28,400
100 73 57
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Life-Cycle Costs Graph
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Summary

• Modest increase in capital outlay large saving
  in testing/inspecting/ recording through life of
  building
• Greater peace of mind, compliance security

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Conclusions

• Statutory requirement to provide effective
  emergency lighting
• Code of practice specifies requirements
• Clients Fire Safety Risk Assessment should be
  consulted
• Technology can provide solutions
• Life-cycle costs should be calculated, not just
  capital expenditure