Review for Exam 32

1
Review for Exam 32 33

• By Mrs. Senger

2
The speed of a seismic wave depends on

• The type of material it travels through
• The amplitude
• Its frequency
• The amount of sediment

3
The speed of a seismic wave depends on

• The type of material it travels through
• The amplitude
• Its frequency
• The amount of sediment

4
Motion in a P Wave is

• Side to side
• Up and down
• Transverse
• Longitudinal

5
Motion in a P Wave is

• Side to side
• Up and down
• Transverse
• Longitudinal

6
The fastest seismic wave is a

• Rayleigh wave
• Tertiary wave
• Secondary wave
• Primary wave

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The fastest seismic wave is a

• Rayleigh wave
• Tertiary wave
• Secondary wave
• Primary wave

8
A seismograph

• Helps prevent earthquakes
• Measures ground movement
• Predicts earthquakes
• Measures fault displacement

9
A seismograph

• Helps prevent earthquakes
• Measures ground movement
• Predicts earthquakes
• Measures fault displacement

10
Secondary waves can travel through all areas of
the Earth except the

• Mantle
• Surface
• Inner core
• Outer core

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Secondary waves can travel through all areas of
the Earth except the

• Mantle
• Surface
• Inner core
• Outer core

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The outer core

• Is solid as a rock
• Transmits S waves
• Has a plastic like flow
• Flows fast enough to power the Earths magnetic
  field

13
The outer core

• Is solid as a rock
• Transmits S waves
• Has a plastic like flow
• Flows fast enough to power the Earths magnetic
  field

14
The Earths layer with plastic like behavior is
the

• Mantle
• Inner core
• Outer core
• Crust

15
The Earths layer with plastic like behavior is
the

• Mantle
• Inner core
• Outer core
• Crust

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The core of the earth is probably composed of

• An iron-nickel alloy
• Aluminum oxides
• Silicate minerals
• Calcium magnesium sulfate

17
The core of the earth is probably composed of

• An iron-nickel alloy
• Aluminum oxides
• Silicate minerals
• Calcium magnesium sulfate

18
Evidence to support the concept that the inner
core is solid the outer core is liquid comes
from

• The inner core is not solid, it is a liquid
• Refraction of seismic waves as they encounter
  different mediums
• The absence of waves after the crust
• The wave shadow effect of P S waves and the P
  waves increasing speed as it enters the core

19
Evidence to support the concept that the inner
core is solid the outer core is liquid comes
from

• The inner core is not solid, it is a liquid
• Refraction of seismic waves as they encounter
  different mediums
• The absence of waves after the crust
• The wave shadow effect of P S waves and the P
  waves increasing speed as it enters the core

20
The inner core is solid because

• It is composed of iron and nickel
• The surrounding outer layers act as a blanket to
  insulate the core
• Pressure from the weight of the surrounding
  layers prevents the inner core from melting
• None of these, the inner core is a liquid

21
The inner core is solid because

• It is composed of iron and nickel
• The surrounding outer layers act as a blanket to
  insulate the core
• Pressure from the weight of the surrounding
  layers prevents the inner core from melting
• None of these, the inner core is a liquid

22
The outer core is a liquid because

• It is magnetically charged
• Of less weight, and thus less pressure
• The inner core is solid
• It is composed of molten iron

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The outer core is a liquid because

• It is magnetically charged
• Of less weight, and thus less pressure
• The inner core is solid
• It is composed of molten iron

24
The outer core is thought to be molten because it

• Is denser than the inner core
• Will not transmit S waves
• Will not transmit P waves
• Is made of iron and nickel

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The outer core is thought to be molten because it

• Is denser than the inner core
• Will not transmit S waves
• Will not transmit P waves
• Is made of iron and nickel

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The earths magnetic field is generated in

• The outer core
• The mantle
• The crust
• Space

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The earths magnetic field is generated in

• The outer core
• The mantle
• The crust
• Space

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The mantle is composed of

• Iron and nickel
• Solid rock
• Half liquid and half rocky material
• Iron-rich silicate rocks

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The mantle is composed of

• Iron and nickel
• Solid rock
• Half liquid and half rocky material
• Iron-rich silicate rocks

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The upper mantle is the region known as the

• Centrosphere
• Mohorovicic
• Lithosphere
• Asthenosphere

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The upper mantle is the region known as the

• Centrosphere
• Mohorovicic
• Lithosphere
• Asthenosphere

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Thermal convection movement in the upper mantle

• Generates electric current that powers the
  magnetic fields
• Heats the earths core by friction
• Is usually negligible
• Greatly influences the Earths surface features

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Thermal convection movement in the upper mantle

• Generates electric current that powers the
  magnetic fields
• Heats the earths core by friction
• Is usually negligible
• Greatly influences the Earths surface features

34
The crustal surface and the uppermost section of
the mantle is called the

• Mohorovicic
• Centrosphere
• Asthenosphere
• Lithosphere

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The crustal surface and the uppermost section of
the mantle is called the

• Mohorovicic
• Centrosphere
• Asthenosphere
• Lithosphere

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The lithosphere floats atop of the

• Mohorovicic
• Asthenosphere
• Crust
• mantle

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The lithosphere floats atop of the

• Mohorovicic
• Asthenosphere
• Crust
• mantle

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Movement of the lithosphere

• Has leisurely pace and allows the formation of
  gentle rolling hills
• Causes earthquakes and volcanoes
• Has a plastic like flow
• None of these

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Movement of the lithosphere

• Has leisurely pace and allows the formation of
  gentle rolling hills
• Causes earthquakes and volcanoes
• Has a plastic like flow
• None of these

40
What portion of the surface crust is dense and
thin?

• Ocean crust
• Continental crust
• Both
• Neither

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What portion of the surface crust is dense and
thin?

• Ocean crust
• Continental crust
• Both
• Neither

42
What portion of the surface crust is thick and
low density?

• Ocean crust
• Continental crust
• Both
• Neither

43
What portion of the surface crust is thick and
low density?

• Ocean crust
• Continental crust
• Both
• Neither

44
Continental crust is very buoyant compared with
ocean crust because the continental crust is

• Thinner than ocean crust
• Very young and fresh
• Mostly granitic rocks where ocean is mostly
  basaltic
• Mostly basaltic with bubbles from the lava flow

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Continental crust is very buoyant compared with
ocean crust because the continental crust is

• Thinner than ocean crust
• Very young and fresh
• Mostly granitic rocks where ocean is mostly
  basaltic
• Mostly basaltic with bubbles from the lava flow

46
In an undisturbed sample of rocks, the youngest
rocks are found

• At the bottom
• At the top
• As an eroded bed
• In the core of the anticline

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In an undisturbed sample of rocks, the youngest
rocks are found

• At the bottom
• At the top
• As an eroded bed
• In the core of the anticline

48
The San Andreas fault in California is a

• Thrust fault
• Normal fault
• Strike slip fault
• Syncline

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The San Andreas fault in California is a

• Thrust fault
• Normal fault
• Strike slip fault
• Syncline

50
When rock is subject to compressive force, it may
fault. If the rocks in the hanging wall are
pushed up over the rocks of the footwall, it is
called

• Reverse
• Normal
• Strike slip
• Syncline

51
When rock is subject to compressive force, it may
fault. If the rocks in the hanging wall are
pushed up over the rocks of the footwall, it is
called

• Reverse
• Normal
• Strike slip
• Syncline

52
A fault in which the footwall has moved down
relative to the hanging wall is called a

• Reverse
• Normal
• Strike slip
• Syncline

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A fault in which the footwall has moved down
relative to the hanging wall is called a

• Reverse
• Normal
• Strike slip
• Syncline

54
The Richter scale measures an earthquakes

• Damage
• Magnitude
• Frequency
• All of these

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The Richter scale measures an earthquakes

• Damage
• Magnitude
• Frequency
• All of these

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Plates that are moving away from each other are
called

• Convergent
• Divergent
• Normal
• Strike slip

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Plates that are moving away from each other are
called

• Convergent
• Divergent
• Normal
• Strike slip

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Plates that are moving towards each other are
called

• Convergent
• Divergent
• Normal
• Strike slip

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Plates that are moving towards each other are
called

• Convergent
• Divergent
• Normal
• Strike slip

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When continental crust and ocean crust converge,
which plate dives below?

• Continental
• Oceanic
• Neither
• Both melt at the surface

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When continental crust and ocean crust converge,
which plate dives below?

• Continental
• Oceanic
• Neither
• Both melt at the surface

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What is the area where the oceanic plate melts
beneath the surface at a convergent boundary?

• Subduction zone
• Rift valley
• Trench
• None of these

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What is the area where the oceanic plate melts
beneath the surface at a convergent boundary?

• Subduction zone
• Rift valley
• Trench
• None of these

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Where would you find an ocean trench?

• Strike slip boundary
• Divergent boundary
• Convergent boundary
• All of these

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Where would you find an ocean trench?

• Strike slip boundary
• Divergent boundary
• Convergent boundary
• All of these

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Where would you find a rift valley?

• Strike slip boundary
• Divergent boundary
• Convergent boundary
• All of these

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Where would you find a rift valley?

• Strike slip boundary
• Divergent boundary
• Convergent boundary
• All of these

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Wegeners theory of continental drift

• Was not accepted in the early 1900s
• Was first considered a break through
• Received a Nobel prize
• Proposed that Continental Drift was generated by
  convection motion

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Wegeners theory of continental drift

• Was not accepted in the early 1900s
• Was first considered a break through
• Received a Nobel prize
• Proposed that Continental Drift was generated by
  convection motion

70
Alfred Wegener supported his theory of
continental drift by all of these EXCEPT

• Using paleoclimatic data (glaciers)
• Fitting together shorelines like a puzzle
• Making connections between rocks, structures,
  plants, fossils etc from Africa and South America
• Paleomagnetic data

71
Alfred Wegener supported his theory of
continental drift by all of these EXCEPT

• Using paleoclimatic data (glaciers)
• Fitting together shorelines like a puzzle
• Making connections between rocks, structures,
  plants, fossils etc from Africa and South America
• Paleomagnetic data

72
The Earths magnetic record is recorded

• By rocks at the North and South poles
• In minerals that align themselves with the
  Earths magnetic poles
• By certain igneous minerals in rocks
• None of these

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The Earths magnetic record is recorded

• By rocks at the North and South poles
• In minerals that align themselves with the
  Earths magnetic field
• By certain igneous minerals in rocks
• None of these

74
The theory of seafloor spreading is supported by

• Geological, biological, and climatic data
• The change in the Earths polarity
• Paleomagnetic analysis of the oceans floor
• None of these

75
The theory of seafloor spreading is supported by

• Geological, biological, and climatic data
• The change in the Earths polarity
• Paleomagnetic analysis of the oceans floor
• None of these

76
Magnetic surveys of ocean floors reveal

• That reversed polarity is rare
• Thin oceanic crust composed of basaltic rocks
• Alternating strips of normal and reversed
  polarity paralleling the mid-Atlantic Ridge
• All of these

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Magnetic surveys of ocean floors reveal

• That reversed polarity is rare
• Thin oceanic crust composed of basaltic rocks
• Alternating strips of normal and reversed
  polarity paralleling the mid-Atlantic Ridge
• All of these

78
The Earths magnetic field

• Never changes
• Has reversed itself many times
• Is centered at the Earths core
• Both the second and third answer

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The Earths magnetic field

• Never changes
• Has reversed itself many times
• Is centered at the Earths core
• Both the second and third answer

80
According to the theory of seafloor spreading,
molten rock is rising up along

• The mid-ocean ridges
• Surrounding the Pacific volcanic rim
• Trenches that border continental margins
• None of these

81
According to the theory of seafloor spreading,
molten rock is rising up along

• The mid-ocean ridges
• Surrounding the Pacific volcanic rim
• Trenches that border continental margins
• None of these

82
The ocean crust

• Becomes older away from the mid-ocean ridges
• Becomes younger away from the mid-ocean ridges
• Is the same age worldwide
• Ranges in age depending on the ocean

83
The ocean crust

• Becomes older away from the mid-ocean ridges
• Becomes younger away from the mid-ocean ridges
• Is the same age worldwide
• Ranges in age depending on the ocean

84
The theory of plate tectonics states that

• Buoyant lithospheric plates float on top of the
  rigid asthenosphere
• The plates move in conveyor-belt fashion as new
  crust is generated at the continental margins and
  destroyed at the mid-ocean ridge
• The lithosphere is broken up into large palates
  that move as the result of convection within the
  asthenosphere
• Earthquakes volcanic activity results from
  convection motion in the lithosphere

85
The theory of plate tectonics states that

• Buoyant lithospheric plates float on top of the
  rigid asthenosphere
• The plates move in conveyor-belt fashion as new
  crust is generated at the continental margins and
  destroyed at the mid-ocean ridge
• The lithosphere is broken up into large plates
  that move as the result of convection within the
  asthenosphere
• Earthquakes volcanic activity results from
  convection motion in the lithosphere

86
Most of the Earths seismic activity, volcanism,
and mountain building occur along

• Plate boundaries
• Transform fault boundaries
• Convergent boundaries
• Divergent boundaries

87
Most of the Earths seismic activity, volcanism,
and mountain building occur along

• Plate boundaries
• Transform fault boundaries
• Convergent boundaries
• Divergent boundaries

88
The oldest rocks are found

• At convergent boundaries
• In the ocean basins
• At divergent boundaries
• On continental land

89
The oldest rocks are found

• At convergent boundaries
• In the ocean basins
• At divergent boundaries
• On continental land

90
Divergent boundaries are areas of

• Crustal formation
• Continuous, high magnitude earthquakes
• Crustal destruction
• Intense compressional forces

91
Divergent boundaries are areas of

• Crustal formation
• Continuous, high magnitude earthquakes
• Crustal destruction
• Intense compressional forces

92
Spreading centers occur along

• The northern and western margins of the Juan de
  Fuca Plate
• Mid-ocean ridges
• Transform faults
• Trenches

93
Spreading centers occur along

• The northern and western margins of the Juan de
  Fuca Plate
• Mid-ocean ridges
• Transform faults
• Trenches

94
Convergent boundaries are

• Regions of great mountain building
• Areas of plate subduction
• Regions of plate collision
• All of these

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Convergent boundaries are

• Regions of great mountain building
• Areas of plate subduction
• Regions of plate collision
• All of these

96
Earthquakes in the absence of seafloor spreading,
oceanic trenches, or volcanic activity is a
characteristic feature of

• Subduction zone
• Divergent boundaries between plates
• Convergent boundaries between plates
• Transform fault boundaries between plates

97
Earthquakes in the absence of seafloor spreading,
oceanic trenches, or volcanic activity is a
characteristic feature of

• Subduction zone
• Divergent boundaries between plates
• Convergent boundaries between plates
• Transform fault boundaries between plates