Construction Industry

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Construction Industry

• Top 10 Most Frequently Cited Serious Hazards in
  FY 2009

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Objectives

• Reveal the Top Ten most-frequently cited serious
  Construction Industry Standards FY- 2009.
• The Top Ten List includes data about the
  citations/violations issued from October 1, 2008,
  through September 30, 2009.

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N.C. Department of Labor
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The Big Four

• Most fatalities on construction sites can be
  categorized into four groups by cause
• Falls
• Struck by object
• Crushed by object/equipment
• Electrocution

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Occupational Fatality Investigation Review (OFIR)
Fatal Events (October 1, 2008 September 30,
2009) FY 2009 (41 Fatalities)
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Frequent Inspections
1926.20(b)(2)

• Number 1 Accident prevention responsibilities
• Provide for frequent and regular inspections of
  the job sites, materials, and equipment to be
  made by competent persons designated by the
  employers.

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Frequent Inspections
1926.20(b)(2)

• Competent person
• One who is capable of identifying existing and
  predictable hazards in the surroundings or
  working conditions which are unsanitary,
  hazardous, or dangerous to employees, and who has
  authorization to take prompt corrective measures
  to eliminate them.

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Frequent Inspections
1926.20(b)(2)
Would you question the frequency of inspections
at this location?
Nails
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Frequent Inspections
1926.20(b)(2)
Would you question the frequency of inspections
at this location?
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Fall Protection
1926.501(b)(13)

• Number 2 Residential construction
• Provide employee fall protection when 6 feet or
  more above lower levels.

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Fall Protection
1926.501(b)(13)

• Does he have fall
• protection?

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Examples of Fall Protection
1926.501(b)(13)
Guardrail System
Personal Fall Arrest System (PFAS)
Safety Net
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Personal Protective Equipment
1926.102(a)(1)

• Number 3 Eye and face protection
• Provide employees with eye and face protection
  when machines or operations present potential eye
  or face injury from physical, chemical, or
  radiation agents.

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Eye and Face Protection
1926.102(a)(1)
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Examples of Eye and Face Protection
Welding Helmet
Safety Glasses
Face Shield
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Use of Portable Ladders
1926.1053(b)(1)

• Number 4 Portable ladders
• When portable ladders are used for access to an
  upper landing surface, they must extend 3 feet
  above landing or be properly secured to access
  upper landing surface.

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Use of Portable Ladders
1926.1053(b)(1)

• Portable ladder not extended at least 3 feet
  above/secured to upper landing surface.

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Use of Portable Ladders
1926.1053(b)(1)

• Portable ladder not extended 3 feet above/secured
  to upper landing surface.

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Fall Protection
1926.501(b)(1)

• Number 5 Unprotected sides and edges
• Employees shall be protected where
  walking/working surfaces are 6 feet or more above
  lower level.

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Unprotected Sides and Edges
1926.501(b)(1)

• Any side or edge (except at entrances to points
  of access) of a walking/working surface, e.g.,
  floor, roof, ramp, or runway where there is no
  wall or guardrail system at least 39 inches high.
• 1926.500(b)(2)

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Unprotected Sides and Edges
1926.501(b)(1)

• Lack of fall protection on unprotected sides and
  edges

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Fall Protection Steep Roofs
1926.501(b)(11)

• Number 6 Steep roofs
• Each employee on a steep roof with unprotected
  sides and edges 6 feet or more above lower levels
  shall be protected from falling by guardrail
  systems with toe-boards, safety net systems, or
  PFAS.
• Steep roof means a roof having a slope greater
  than 4 in 12 (vertical to horizontal).

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Fall Protection Steep Roofs
1926.501(b)(11)

• No fall protection

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Fall Protection Steep Roofs
1926.501(b)(11)
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Personal Protective Equipment
1926.100(a)

• Number 7 Head injury protection
• Employees working in areas where there is a
  possible danger of head injury from impact, or
  from falling or flying objects, or from
  electrical shock and burns, shall be protected by
  protective helmets.
• Protective helmets must comply with
• ANSI Z89.1-1969.

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Head Injury Protection
1926.100(a)

• Lack of head protection for workers with
  potential head injury hazards.

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Head Injury Protection
1926.100(a)
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Fall Protection - Training
1926.503(a)(1)

• Number 8 Training
• Employer shall provide a training program for
  each employee who might be exposed to fall
  hazards.

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Fall Protection - Training
1926.503(a)(1)

• Workers should know how to properly wear
  equipment.
• Workers should know where to tie off.

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Fall Protection - Training
1926.503(a)(1)

• Is equipment inspected?
• Is equipment properly maintained?

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Scaffolding - Platform Access
1926.451(e)(1)

• Number 9 Platform access
• When scaffold platforms are more than 2 feet
  above or below a point of access
• Use portable ladders, hook-on ladders, attachable
  ladders, stair towers (scaffold
  stairways/towers), stairway-type ladders (such as
  ladder stands), ramps, walkways, integral
  prefabricated scaffold access, or direct access
  from another scaffold, structure, personnel hoist
  or similar surface for access.
• Note Cross braces shall not be used as a means
  of
• access.

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Scaffolding - Platform Access
1926.451(e)(1)

• Improper scaffold
• platform access

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Scaffolding - Platform Access
1926.451(e)(1)

• Portable ladder used to access scaffold platform

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Scaffolding - Platform Access
1926.451(e)(1)

• Scaffolding with inner stairway for climbing

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Scaffolding - Platform Access
1926.451(e)(1)

• Scaffolding with attached ladder on side

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Scaffolding - Fall Protection
1926.451(g)(4)(i)

• Number 10 Guardrail systems
• Guardrail systems shall be installed along open
  sides and ends of platforms.

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Scaffolding - Fall Protection
1926.451(g)(4)(i)

• Mobile scaffolding showing employee protected by
  a guardrail.

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Scaffolding - Fall Protection
1926.451(g)(4)(i)

• Scaffolding with unprotected workers.

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Summary

• In this course, we discussed the Top Ten
  most-frequently cited serious standards for the
  construction industry in FY 2009.
• You should now understand and be able to
• identify hazards associated with the Top Ten
• most cited serious OSH violations in the
  construction industry.

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Summary

• Number 1 1926.20(b)(2) - Frequent inspections
  provide frequent and regular inspections of the
  job sites, materials, and equipment by competent
  persons designated by the employers.
• Number 2 1926.501(b)(13) - Fall protection
  employee protected 6 feet or more above lower
  level in residential construction.
• Number 3 1926.102(a)(1) - Eye and face
  protection general requirement for eye and face
  protection when machines or operations present
  eye or face injury.

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Summary

• Number 4 1926.1053(b)(1) - Use of portable
  ladders must extend 3 feet above landing or be
  property secured to access upper landing surface.
• Number 5 1926.501(b)(1) - Fall protection
  employees on a walking/working surface
  (horizontal and vertical surface) with
  unprotected sides and edges 6 feet or more above
  lower levels shall have fall protection.
• Number 6 1926.501(b)(11) - Fall protection
  employees on a steep roof with unprotected sides
  and edges 6 feet or more above lower levels shall
  have fall protection.

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Summary

• Number 7 1926.100(a) - PPE employees working
  in areas where there is a possible danger of head
  injury shall be protected by protective helmets.
• Number 8 1926.503(a)(1) - Fall protection
  training employer shall provide a training
  program for each employee who might be exposed to
  fall hazards.
• Number 9 1926.451(e)(1) - Scaffolding proper
  access provided to scaffold platforms that are
  more than 2 feet above or below access point.

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Summary

• Number 10 1926.451(g)(4)(i) - Guardrail systems
  shall be installed along all open sides and ends
  of platforms.

Construction Industry Injuries Fatalities
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Thank You For Attending!

• Final Questions?