BIRDS!

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BIRDS!
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Adaptations

• Beaks
• Feet
• Wings
• Circulatory System

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Beaks

• Bird beaks come in a variety of shapes and sizes
  all for the purpose of assisting the bird in
  eating a specific diet

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Eye Dropper Beaks

• Food Nectar
• Birds Hummingbirds
• Long, very narrow beaks for probing flowers for
  nectar

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Chopsticks Beaks

• Food Worms/Insects in mud/sand
• Birds Snipe, Curlew
• Long, straight, medium-wide
• beak for probing soft
• ground for food

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Nutcracker Beaks

• Food Seeds Nuts
• Birds Finch, Cardinal
• Short, wide, pointed beak for cracking open seeds
  and nuts

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Slotted Spoon Beaks

• Food Fish other water creatures
• Birds Pelicans
• Beak with a pouch for holding fish

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Strainer Beaks

• Food Tiny water plants Water animals
• Birds Flamingo
• Short, down-curved beak
• for separating mud from
• shell fish and algae

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Fish Net Beaks

• Food Flying Insects
• Birds Whip-Poor-Will, Black Phoebe
• Very short, slightly curved beak for catching
  insects in midair

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Forceps Beaks

• Food Caterpillars Other Tree Insects
• Birds Warbler
• Medium-length, chisel-
• shaped beak for breaking
• into tree bark for insects

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Hooked Beaks

• Food Small animals
• Birds Eagles, Birds of Prey
• Sharply hooked beak for tearing animal tissue

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Feet

• Most birds have four toes on each foot, and all
  birds have a claw at the tip of each toe.
  However, the arrangement and size of the toes and
  the size and shape of the claws vary according to
  the birds' ways of life

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Hens Pheasants

• Birds that scratch the soil for worms insects
  have nail like toes

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Flightless Birds

• Strong-legged flightless birds, like the
  cassowary, protect themselves by kicking with
  their powerful feet and sharp claws.

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Swimming Birds

• WATER BIRDS such as ducks have webbing between
  their toes for swimming.  GULLS also have feet
  similar to these so they don't sink while walking
  in the soft sand or mud near the water's edge.

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Climbing Birds

• WOODPECKERS have two toes pointing forwards and
  two backwards for climbing up, down, and
  sideways on tree trunks.

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Birds of Prey

• RAPTORS such as hawks, eagles, and owls use large
  claws (called talons) to capture, kill, and carry
  prey with their feet.

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Perching Birds

• SONG BIRDS or PERCHING BIRDS (warblers, thrushes,
  wrens, etc.) have independent, flexible toes,
  with one pointing backwards, ideal for grasping
  perches.

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Birds Flight

• Feathers, Wings, Bones

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Feathers

• Feathers are highly modified scales
• Feathers are used for
• Flying - flight feathers, grow in the wings and
  the tail
• Thermal insulation - soft down feathers that grow
  close to the skin keep birds from getting too
  cold or too hot
• Courtship and mating displays - these vary
  tremendously from species to species

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Wings 4 types

• Elliptical
• a. Tends to be even pressure over most of the
  surface. b. Usually found in birds that live in
  forests. facilitates a subtle change in the
  angle of the wing. c. Sparrows.

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Wings 4 types

• High Aspect Ratio
• a. Much longer than it is wide. Has lot of
  vertical lifting area. Not much slotting. b. Not
  fast flying birds but more soaring birdsc.
  Albatross, or Frigate bird.

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Wings 4 types

• High Speed Wings
• a. Falcons, Plovers b. Wings that are narrow and
  come out to a sharp tip. These wings reduce drag.
  More of the wing-beat is producing forward
  thrust.

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Wings 4 types

• Soaring Wings
• a. Extreme slotting in the wing-tipsb. Vultures,
  Eagles, etc.

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Bones

• Porous, only 4 of body weight
• Hollow Bones

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Circulatory System

• Large, 4 chambered heart
• High heart rate (canary 600/min!)
• Blood reduced hemoglobin
• Homeothermic get energy and heat from digested
  food (seeds,etc.)
• No sweat glands! (gape, defecate on legs)
• High body temp (110-115)