Synthetic Biology for Synthetic Drugs and Fuels

1
Synthetic Biologyfor Synthetic Drugs and Fuels

• Jay Keasling
• University of California, Berkeley
• Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

2
Malaria
3
Chloroquine-based drugs
Source Roll Back Malaria World Malaria Report
2005
4
Artemisininthe best anti-malarial drug
5
Current process
Purification
Artemisinin
Plant synthesis
6
Artemisinin demand analysis
Millions of treatments
Total ACT Demand
350
300
250
200
150
ACTs delivered
100
ACTs delivered (actual)
BCG Demand forecast scenarios
50
Demand forecasts from other groups
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Source Boston Consulting Group
7
Artemisinin price swings
Artemisinin prices (/kg)
Food prices (indexed to Jan 2002)
Commodity food prices
Artemisinin prices
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Source Boston Consulting Group
8
Artemisinin supply
Tonnes of Artemisinin
350
Historic production
Stock from previous year
300
Minimum production floor
Variable production
250
200

150
100
50
03
04
05
06
07
08
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
09
Source Boston Consulting Group
9
Current process
Purification
Artemisinin
Plant synthesis
10
Microbial process
Purification
Artemisinin
Microbial synthesis
11
Microbial synthesis of artemisinin
12
Improvements in yield ? lower artemisinin costs

Current cost of API 1.00/g
Cost with new process .10/g
13
Research, Development Delivery
Amyris Biotechnologies
Keasling Laboratory
14
Global Warming and Energy Security
15
Petroleum-based transportation fuels
CO2
16
Corn to Ethanol
CO2
CO2
17
Corn to Ethanol
CO2
CO2
18
Corn to Ethanol
CO2
CO2
19
Corn is not an ideal energy crop

• Water requirements
• Fertilizer requirements
• Bred to be a food crop

20
Biomass to Ethanol
CO2
CO2
21
US annual biomass inventory 1.3 billion tons
Wheat straw
Corn stover
6.1
Soy
19.9
6.2
Crop residues
7.6
Grains
5.2
Manure
4.1
Urban waste
2.9
Perennial crops
35.2
Forest
12.8
From Billion ton Vision, DOE USDA 2005
22
How much fuel can we produce from 1.3 billion
tons of biomass?
2007 US Petroleum Consumption
7.6
7
6
2007 US Imports
5
Energy from burning biomass
4
4.4
Billion Barrels of Oil Equivalents
2007 US Domestic Production
3.5
Fuel yields from biomass using mid-term
conversion technology
3
2.5
2
1.9
1
0
23
Biomass to Ethanol
CO2
CO2
24
Ethanol is not an ideal fuel
25
Repurposing a microbial production platform
26
Repurposing a microbial production platform
Biofuel
27
Engineered microbes produce oil and advanced
biofuels
28
Biomass to advanced transportation fuels
CO2
CO2
29
The Joint BioEnergy Institute (jbei)
CO2
CO2
30
jbei a Bay Area Partnership
31
jbeis Research Program
CO2
CO2
32
jbei a single location
33
jbei an incubator for great ideas and the green
economy
Petroleum Companies
Biofuels Companies
Biotech Companies
Plant Genetics Companies
Feedstock Companies
Chemical Companies