Sexual Behavior and Response

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Biological Basis of Sex
Sexual Behavior
Sexual Behavior and Response
Preventing STDs
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Biological Basis of Sex
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Female Anatomy

• Vulva The female external genital organs.
• Mons Veneris The mound of fatty tissue that
  covers the joint of the pubic bones and cushions
  the female during intercourse.
• Vagina The tubular female sexual organ that
  receives the penis during intercourse and through
  which the baby pauses during childbirth.
• Cervix The lower part of the uterus that opens
  into the vagina.
• Uterus The pear-shaped female reproductive organ
  in which the fertilized ovum implants and
  develops during childbirth.

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Female Anatomy
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Female Anatomy

• Fallopian Tubes The straw like tubes through
  which the ovum passes between the ovaries and the
  uterus.
• Ovaries Female reproductive organs that produce
  ova and the hormones estrogen and progesterone.
• Clitoridectomy Removal of the clitoris.
• A clitoridectomy is a rite of initiation into
  womanhood in predominately Islamic cultures in
  Africa and the middle east. The removal of the
  clitoris represents an attempt to ensure the
  girls chastity.

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Male Anatomy

• Penis The male organ that serves as a conduit
  for sperm during ejaculation and urine during
  urination.
• Testes Males reproductive organs that produce
  sperm cells and male sex hormones.
• Scrotum A pouch of loose skins that houses the
  testes.

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Male Anatomy
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Male Anatomy

• Sperm Male germ cell
• Semen The whitish fluid that carries sperm.
• Testosterone A male sex hormone that promotes
  development of male sexual characteristics and
  has activating effects on sexual arousal.
• Prostate A male reproductive organ that produces
  semen.

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Sex Hormones and Sexual Behavior

• The ovaries produce estrogen and progesterone.
• Estrogen A generic term for several female sex
  hormones that foster growth of female sex
  characteristics and regulate the menstrual cycle.
• Progesterone A female sex hormone that promotes
  growth of the sex organs, helps maintain
  pregnancy, and is also involved in regulation of
  the menstrual cycle.
• Menstruation The monthly shedding of the inner
  lining of the uterus by women who are not
  pregnant.

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Sex Hormones and Sexual Behavior

• Sexual behavior among many lower animals is
  almost completely governed by hormones. Sex
  hormones have organizing and activating effects.
• An organizing effect would be the hormones
  predisposing lower animals toward masculine or
  feminine mating patterns.
• An activating effect would stimulation of the sex
  drive and facilitation of the sexual response.

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Sex Hormones and Sexual Behavior

• Testosterone in adulthood apparently activates
  masculine behavior patterns.
• Men who are castrated or given drugs that
  decrease testosterone in the blood stream, they
  show a gradual loss of sexual desire.
• Testosterone stokes sexual desire in both men and
  women.
• Sex hormones promote the differentiation of our
  sex organs in a masculine or feminine direction.
  As adults, we may need certain levels of sex
  hormones to become sexually aroused.

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Sexual Behavior and Response
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Varieties in Sexual Expression

• In our society, there exist a large variety of
  sexual behaviors and contraceptive methods.
• 24.7 of men and 7.6 of women report
  masturbating at least once monthly.
• 70 of people report experience with oral sex.
• 26 of men and 20 of women have some experience
  with anal intercourse.

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Varieties in Sexual Expression

• Ten to twenty percent of married couples report
  engaging in sexual intercourse a few times a year
  whereas 30 report a frequency of 2-3 times per
  week.

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Methods of Contraception

• Issues to consider when choosing contraception
• Convenience
• Moral Acceptability
• Cost
• Sharing responsibility
• Safety
• Reversibility
• Protection against STDs
• Effectiveness

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The Sexual Response Cycle

• The sexual response cycle is characterized by
  vasocongestion and myotonia.
• Vasocongestion Engorgement of blood vessels with
  blood, which swells the genitals and breasts
  during sexual arousal.
• Myotonia Muscle tension.
• The sexual response cycle consists of four
  phases excitement, plateau, orgasm and
  resolution.

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Excitement Phase

• Excitement Phase The first phase of the sexual
  response cycle, which is characterized by
  erection in the male, vaginal lubrication in the
  female, myotonia, and increases in heart rate in
  both males and females.
• In the excitement phase, men experience an
  erection, the scrotal skin thickens and the
  testes become enlarged.
• In women, the vagina becomes lubricated, the
  clitoris swells and flattens. The breasts enlarge
  and blood vessels near the surface become more
  prominent.

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Plateau Phase

• Plateau Phase the second phase of the sexual
  response cycle, which is characterized by
  increases in vasocongestion, muscle tension,
  heart rate, and blood pressure in preparation for
  orgasm.
• In the plateau phase, breathing becomes rapid,
  like panting. Heart rate may increase to 100 to
  160 beats per minute.
• In men the head of the penis shows some size
  increase and in women, the outer part of the
  vagina swells, contracting the vaginal opening in
  preparation for grasping the penis.

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Orgasmic Phase

• Orgasmic Phase The third phase of the sexual
  response cycle, which is characterized by pelvic
  contractions and accompanied by intense pleasure.
• In the male, semen collects at the base of the
  penis and muscle contractions propel the
  ejaculate out of the body.
• Orgasm in the female is manifested in 3 to 15
  contractions of the pelvic muscles that surround
  the vaginal barrel.

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Resolution Phase

• Resolution Phase The fourth phase of the sexual
  response cycle, during which the body gradually
  returns to its prearoused state. Unlike women,
  men enter a refractory period.
• Refractory period A period of time following
  orgasm during which an individual is not
  responsive to further sexual stimulation.

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Sexual Response
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Preventing STDs
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STD Stats

• There are nearly 3 million new Chlamydia
  infections in the United States each year.
• Human Papilloma virus (HPV) is estimated to be
  present in 1/3 of college women and 8 of men
  aged 15 to 49.
• It is estimated that throughout the world, 15,000
  people contract HIV.

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Preventing HIV/AIDS and other STDs
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Preventing STDs

• Dont ignore the threat of STDs.
• Practice Abstinence.
• Engage in a monogamous relationship with someone
  who is not infected.
• Practice safer sex.
• Dont use oral sex as an alternative.
• Talk to your doctor if you think you might be
  infected.
• When in doubt if the sex is safestop.