PIER Program Overview National Renewable Energy Laboratory February 2002

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PIER Program OverviewNational Renewable Energy
Laboratory February 2002

• Terry Surles, Ph.D
• California Energy Commission

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Vision Statement
The future electrical system of California will
provide a clean, abundant and affordable supply
tailored to the needs of smart, efficient
customers and will be the best in the nation.
Tailored, clean, abundant, affordable supply
Smart, efficient customers
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California has Established a 62M/yr Public
Interest Energy Research Program (PIER)
Californias Energy Future
Quality Reliable and Available
Economy Affordable Solutions
Environment Protect and Enhance
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Attributes for Addressing State Issues
Program Integration
Technology Partnerships - Universities -
Industry - Federal
Balanced Technology Portfolio -Temporal -Technol
ogy -Risk
Focus on California - Specific to State needs
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CEC/PIER is Starting to Work Effectively with
DOE/EERE

• Office of Building Technology
• long-term relationship in building systems
• LBNL is a critical contributor
• Office of Power Technology
• reliability work has already produced systems in
  use by CAL/ISO
• interactions in geothermal and biomass technology
  activities
• new initiatives in distributed energy resources
• Collaborations in wind turbine technology and
  BIPV
• Office of Industrial Technology
• DAS assisted in getting CEC Industries of the
  Future started
• co-lead technology fairs have been a hit

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PIER Public Benefit Objectives

• Improve energy cost/value
• Improve environment, public health, and safety
• Improve electricity reliability/quality/sufficienc
  y
• Strengthen the economy
• Provide consumer choice

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How We Got Here History of CA Energy RDD
Programs

• California has historically been a leader in
  energy innovations and advancements in science
• Legislation in the early 1980s mandated public
  interest research programs by Californias major
  investor-owned utilities
• IOU RDD programs were regulated by the CPUC and
  totaled about 120 million/yr. before
  deregulation in the mid-90s
• IOU RDD programs declined precipitously in the
  mid-90s

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PIER Program Legislative History

• AB 1890 (September 1996) established a new policy
  (Public Goods Charge) to support
• public interest energy research (PIER),
• renewable market support (CEC), and
• energy efficiency market support (CPUC)
• SB 90 (November 1997) created the Public Interest
  Energy Research Trust Fund
• AB 995/SB 1194 (September 2000) continued PIER
  program for another 10 years (through 2011) at
  62.5 M/yr.

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PIER Projects Related to Major Topics Funding (in
millions)
Supply 82 Renewables, EPAG Demand 50 Building
s, Ind/Ag/Water System / Environment 47 Strateg
ic, Environmental
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PIER Funding OverviewMechanisms

• Interagency/Intergovernmental agreements
• Competitive and Programmatic solicitations
• Sole-source contracts
• Collaborative research with DOE, NYSERDA, GTI,
  EPRI, ASERTTI

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PIER Research Partners
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Our RD Program Must Address FutureMarket
Scenarios
Regulated
Status Quo

• New energy systems
• Same players

De-centralized
Centralized

• Same energy systems
• New players

Supermarket of Choices
De-regulated
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Given Our Limited Budget and California
Characteristics,Were Not Going to...

• Build the next GCM or other large scale models
• Work on Generation IV nuclear technologies
• Work on most Vision 21 coal technologies
• Duplicate other efforts well-funded by DOE, EPRI
  and others
• Duplicate specific RD already funded by industry

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Renewable Energy

• Affordability
• Find new ways to reduce costs or increase
  efficiency
• Capable of providing peak power, or supply
  ancillary services
• Reliability
• Demonstrate tools that predict resource
  availability and system dispatchability
• Develop hybrid systems that improve reliability
  and dispatchability
• Safety and Power Quality
• Develop standardized interfaces, new control
  systems and demonstrate new power conversion
  technologies
• Environmental Benefits
• Increase utilization of waste materials in a
  clean manner

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PowerLight Corporation Building-Integrated PV
Roof System
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Yolo Countys Bioreactor Landfill
Only 51 of Californias 3000 landfills generate
electricity from landfill gas. Up until this
project, it was too costly to generate
electricity from many landfills.
Yolos bioreactor approach significantly
increases gas generation making landfill
electricity generation competitive.
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The Yolo County Success

• Accomplishments
• Is opening the way for landfill gas electricity
  systems to be more widely used in California
• Accelerates gas production from over 30 years to
  less than 10 years, making landfill electricity
  more competitive
• Reduces volume of landfill which can extend
  landfill life by 20 percent
• Significantly reduces the chance for groundwater
  pollution from leachate release
• Has become the leading bioreactor project within
  EPAs XL Program and will strongly influence
  landfill regulations across the country
• CECs Role
• Through the CECs RD programs, were bringing
  bioreactor technology from concept to reality

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The Wind Turbine Company

• Design, develop and demonstrate a utility-scale
  wind turbine
• Horizontal axis, two-blade, downwind design
• Prototype developed for PIER and tested at NREL
  rated at 250 kW
• Commercial prototype demonstration sited at the
  Fairmont Reservoir in LADWP territory for a 500
  kW - scaled up to 750 kW - wind turbine
  demonstration to begin in October 2001
• Goal is to produce electricity ? 0.035 cents per
  kWh per 100 unit wind farms with wind resources ?
  15 mph.

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Environmentally-Preferred Advanced Generation

• Advanced Turbine Generators
• Develop ultra-low NOx combustor and other
  advanced control technologies
• Targeted microturbine development and
  demonstration and testing
• Fuel Cells
• Targeted fuel cell development
• Residential-scale fuel cell testing and
  development
• Fuel cell performance analysis tools

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Gas Turbine Semi-Radiant Burner - Alzeta
Corporation

• Description
• Gas turbine combustor that allows fuel to be
  premixed with large quantities of air prior to
  combustion.
• Benefits
• Lower NOX emissions without SCR
• Cheaper than post-combustion clean-up systems
• Allows deployment of smaller turbines for DG and
• CEC is receiving royalties from Alzeta

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Buildings End-Use EfficiencyTechnology
Development

• Develop strategies and technologies to
• reduce and manage loads
• provide both energy efficiency and non-energy
  benefits and
• increase building value through energy
  efficiency.
• Reduce overall building energy use by 25 by 2015
  in both new and existing buildings

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PIER Buildings Program HighlightsNight Breeze

• Provides ventilation and cooling at night,
  reducing or eliminating the need for air
  conditioning during the day

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Industrial/Agricultural/Water Demand Side
Management Technologies

• Reduce the energy required for water delivery,
  application and processing.
• Improve manufacturing energy efficiency through
  process management, energy efficient
  technologies, and waste reduction.
• Reduce the energy cost of disposing industrial
  and agricultural waste.
• Reduce industrial, agricultural and water
  process energy costs through improved load
  management and metering technologies.

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High Performance Fume Hood

• reduces airflow and energy requirements by
  30-50
• flow reduction from each hood cuts energy costs
  by 1000/yr
• maintains or enhances worker safety
• ASHRAE standard test achieved containment with
  70 flow reduction
• with 30,000 hoods in state, the new Hood could
  save about 360 million kWh/yr, totaling nearly
  30 million

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Energy-Related Environmental Research and
Assessment

• Environmental Research is needed to
• Reduce the air quality, land use, and the
  biological and water-related impacts of
  electricity generation, distribution and use in
  California
• Understand global climate change
• Develop a policy, regulatory and legal framework
  that minimizes the environmental impacts of
  energy use

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Stakeholder Consultation
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Climate Change Adaptation
Problem California is unprepared for the likely
physical, economic and societal disruptions of
climate change
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Avian Mortality
Problem Avian electrocutions not only cause a
significant number of deaths, but also result in
25 of all power outages equating to a 2
billion loss to the CA economy.
Pictured is an electrocuted golden eagle.
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Integrated Electricity Systems Research

• Reduce system vulnerability to earthquakes and
  other natural disasters
• Test and improve distributed resources impact on
  system reliability
• Real time pricing and demand-side responsiveness
• Storage technologies
• Develop better interconnection strategies,
  inverters and other system controls and
  predictive models
• Power quality enhancements

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Technical Support for DG Interconnection
Standards

• Reduces average cost of interconnection fees to
  consumers by 37
• Supports Rule 21 by resolving technical safety
  issues
• Establishes technology size neutral review
  process
• Identified testing and certification requirements
• Enables insertion of new generation (e.g.
  renewables) into the grid

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Real Time Transmission Line Monitoring/Rating

• tension monitoring increases transmission
  capabilities by 15-30
• highly accurate - measures line sagging to
  within 1-3 inches
• increased safety - provides the actual real time
  rating and provides alarms of impending clearance
  violations
• system 1-3 were built for utilities in Virginia,
  Colorado and Finland
• 200th system was sold on 8/4/00. The systems
  are in use on five continents by 70 utilities.

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PIER Program Activities will be Designed to

• Maintain mid- and long-term programs that will
  contribute to long-term solutions to Californias
  electricity problems
• Increase focus on short-term RDD that will
  mitigate the current electricity crisis in
  California
• Work with California industries to help them meet
  their electricity needs while remaining
  competitive
• Develop environmental and safety information,
  measurement tools, and mitigation technologies
  that will help California meet its electricity
  needs with minimum negative impact to the
  environment
• Be accountable for its program expenditures and
  establish quantitative, measurable goals that can
  be used to gauge the success of its programs
• Serve as a clearinghouse for information about
  on-the-shelf technologies that can be used to
  quickly increase end-use energy efficiency and
  add to available electricity supply