Welcome to Arkansas History

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• Welcome to Arkansas History
• Chapter 03- Explorers and Invaders

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• Bell Work
• Agenda Explorers Invaders
• Homework read pages 61 - 67
• Objective Students will examine the earliest
  explorers of Arkansas.
• Who fueled the fires of exploration?
• What Spanish explorer arrived about 50 years
  after Columbus?
• ostentatious - (adjective) overly showy,
  pretentious.

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• Time Line
• 1492 1780
• People to know
• Chief Angaska - Henri de Tonti
• John Cabot - Louis Joliet
• Columbus
• Hernando de Soto - La Salle
• Bernard de la Harpe - John Law
• Jean Baptiste Filhiol - Marquette

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• Places to Locate
• Arkansas Post
• Arkansas River
• France
• Great Britain
• Mississippi River
• Spain

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• Europeans Invade Arkansas
• Exploration changes both cultures
• Religion
• New land
• Trade routes
• Resources
• Knowledge

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• Columbus Fuels the Fire
• Columbus told stories of great wealth when he
  returned to Europe
• Other countries followed
• England sent John Cabot to find a shorter route
  to Asia.
• England claimed lands in the new world.
• Spain, France, Holland, Italy, Great Britain, and
  Portugal all began to explore and claimed lands
  to establish trade.

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• Hernando De Soto
• Conquistadors means, one who conquers.
• Found large amounts of gold and silver in Mexico,
  when they landed 50 years after Columbus.
• La Florida
• 600 men wandered across the southeast
• Treated natives badly
• Stole food and supplies from the Indians
• Killed and enslaved many Indians
• Greatest fine Mississippi River but no more
  great

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• Invading Arkansas
• Crossed the Mississippi River in the spring of
  1541
• Found many native villages that they described as
  impressive.
• De Soto hoped to supply his troops.
• De Soto told the natives that he was the son of
  the sun and promised to bring rain. It did rain
  the next day.
• The Indians did seem to see de Soto as a god.

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• Problems Continue
• Short on food and supplies
• Lost much of their livestock
• Many of his men died from disease or while
  fighting native groups.
• The Tula Indians of western Arkansas were not
  intimidated by the Spanish and killed many using
  there long lances used for buffalo hunting.

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• Problems Continue
• After nearly a year, de Soto died from disease.
• His body was wrapped and weighted down and
  dropped in the Mississippi River.
• They didnt want to let the Indians know that the
  god, de Soto was dead.
• The remaining men fled down the river.
• When they reached Mexico, around 300 men were
  left.
• Spain did not return for many years.

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• Bell Work
• Agenda Explorers Invaders
• Homework Reading Guide Ch 03- Theme 02
• Objective Students will examine the earliest
  explorers of Arkansas.
• Who crossed the Mississippi River in 1541 to
  enter Arkansas?
• What happened to de Soto?
• Word of the Day
• adulation - (noun) extreme admiration.

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• Changes for Native Americans
• Disease was one of the most devastating changes
  to Native Americans.
• Measles, tuberculosis, mumps, influenza, chicken
  pox and smallpox.
• Their bodies had no immunities to these diseases.
• These disease spread quickly and killed many
  Native Americans.
• Killed and enslaved many Native Americans.
• The lives enjoyed by many Native Americans were
  changed forever.

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• Studying Tree Rings
• Scientist have also found evidence in tree rings,
  that they may have experienced severe drought
  during this time.

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• Legend of the Razorback
• Have you ever wondered were we got the
  Razorbacks?
• It is believed that domestic hogs escaped from
  the Spanish during a storm.

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• French Explorers
• With all the difficulties faced by de Soto, the
  Spanish did not return for nearly 100 years.
• The French are going to take advantage of the
  Spanish absence.
• King Louis XIV is going to push for more
  exploration.
• 1673 - Catholic Priest Jacques Marquette and a
  fur trapper named Louis Joliet are going to
  travel down the Mississippi River to explore.

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• French Explorers
• Encountered the Quapaw Indians at the confluence
  of the White and Arkansas Rivers.
• Confluence were two rivers or streams come
  together.
• Wanted to establish good relationship with the
  Indians, unlike the Spanish.
• The French treated the Indians much better.
• Two reasons
• Religion
• Trade

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• French Explorers
• Welcomed with
• a ceremony
• a feast
• and an exchange of gifts.
• Warned about the Spanish.
• returned to Canada
• believed the Mississippi River went to the Gulf
  of Mexico.
• established good relationship with the Indians

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• The Calumet Ceremony
• The Calumet is a decorated pipe on a long stick
  (peace pipe).
• Symbol of peace and friendship
• Used to negotiate with others
• The men would sit and smoke together.
• Dancing and feasting
• The Calumet is then given as a gift and to
  provide protection as they traveled.

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• La Salle Explores Arkansas
• Rene-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle was born
  to a wealthy French family.
• Was a teacher
• Moved to New France (Canada)
• Studied Indian culture.
• Explored and traded with the Indians.
• Searched for the mouth of the Mississippi River.

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• La Salle Explores Arkansas
• 1682 traveled down the Mississippi River.
• Visited the Quawpaw near the mouth of the
  Arkansas River.
• Welcome with a Calumet Ceremony.
• Placed a large wooden crossed and claimed the
  territory for France.
• La Louisiane in honor of King Louis XIV
• Found the Gulf of Mexico and claimed the land for
  France.

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• A New French Colony
• After returning to New France, La Salle asked for
  permission to start a new colony.
• He was granted permission and supplies but failed
  to return to the mouth of the Mississippi when
  they were ship wrecked off the coast of Texas.
• 1685 settlement established
• Fort St. Louis
• La Salle was killed by his own men on third
  attempt to find the Mississippi River.
• Henri de Tonti established the Arkansas Post
  near the mouth of the Arkansas River

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• Life at Arkansas Post
• Tonti hoped to established a trading post in
  Arkansas.
• Quawpaw not interested in trapping beaver.
• John Law attempted to establish the first post.
• (see Bursting the Mississippi Bubble)
• Many investors died before reaching the
  settlement.
• Financial problems in Europe crippled the new
  post.
• Early residents included soldiers, farmers,
  slaves, and trappers.

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• Life at Arkansas Post
• 1749 Official Census
• 31 White Settlers
• 14 Slaves
• 29 Pigs
• 60 Cows
• 29 Bulls and Steers
• 3 Horses

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• Moving the Post
• Reasons why the post moved several time during
  its first 100 years
• seasonal flooding
• fear of attack by British and Indians
• mosquito infested conditions and disease
• 1803 - Louisiana Purchase Arkansas becomes
  part of the United State.
• Today national memorial and state park.

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• Colonial Arkansas
• Mercantilism created to increase wealth and
  power through tight economic controls.
• Colonies brought wealth into European countries.
• Explorers searched for resources to increase the
  wealth of the mother countries.
• Conflict developed between the European countries
  for control of new lands.
• The French struggled to keep control of Arkansas.

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• Trade Goods
• Trade was difficult to establish in Arkansas.
• Early trade included
• Bear oil
• Buffalo meat
• Buffalo tallow (fat)
• Trappers traded beads, iron hatchets, pots,
  knives, guns, cloth, and blankets for Indian
  furs.
• Deer Skin was the most common fur.
• Indians hired to hunt and trade for Europeans.

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• Farming
• Arkansas Post never became a strong farming
  community.
• Flooding and droughts caused havoc for settlers
  and farmers.
• Quawpaw kept many settlers from starving.
• Later improvements made life better but the post
  continued to need outside supples.

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• Searching for Arkansas Treasure
• Legends of gold, silver, and a large emerald rock
  spread in Europe.
• Bernard de la Harpe was sent to find the
  treasure.
• Emerald turned out to be sand stone.
• La grande roche or big rock.
• La petit roche or little rock.
• La Harpe established a trading post at the site
  of a Quawpaw village near la petit roche.

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• French and Indian War
• 1754 Start of French and Indian War between
  England and France.
• Conflict over territory in North America
• Seven Years War
• Quawpaw helped the French against the British and
  other Indians.
• Prisoners of War kept at the Arkansas Post.
• France lost the war and control of its
  territories in North America.
• Spain gains control of the territory

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Arkansas Post was first settled by the French in
1686.
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• French Names
• Many of our towns, rivers, streams, and places
  were named by the French.
• Examples
• Terre Noir
• Bayou De Roche
• Petit Jean
• Bayou Meto

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• The American Revolution
• Started not long after French and Indian War.
• July 4, 1776 13 colonies declare their
  independence.
• The British fought to keep their territory.
• Allies in Arkansas
• Supported by Spain used Arkansas Post
• British supporters attacked the post after the
  war was over (they hadnt heard the news yet.)
• Spanish commander was upset with Chief Angaska, a
  Quawpaw, because he failed to warn the Spanish.

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• Chief Angaska had been tricked some Chickasaw
  Indians, who said Americans were coming to visit
  the fort.
• Chief Angaska and others tracked the attackers
  and those captured from the post.
• Most of the captured were released and returned
  to the post.

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• End of Slide Show