Cryptosporidiosis: You Are At Risk

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CryptosporidiosisYou Are At Risk

• By Sarah Ruth Davis
• Pollution Control Planning
• 11/29/2007

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Presentation Outline

• Introduction
• Life Cycle
• History
• Emergence and Reemergence Factors
• Who is At Risk?
• Risk Reducers
• Questions

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Introduction to Cryptosporidiosis

• One of the most common waterborne diseases
• Gastrointestinal disease
• Caused by Cryptosporidium pathogen
• Fecal-oral transmission
• Most common are C.parvum and C. hominis
• Can survive with or without a host

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Cryptosporidiosis Life Cycle
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History of Cryptosporidiosis

• 1910 Ernest Edward Tyzzer found in gastric glands
  of mice
• First cases of humans reported 1976 and 1982
• First reported out break in Texas 1984
• Second largest outbreak 1987 Carrolton, Georgia
• Not widely recognized till 1993 following
  Milwaukee outbreak

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Emergence and Reemergence Factors

• 10-30 oocysts found to cause infection
• Found in soil, food, water, and on surfaces
• Infection by swallowing
• Disease spread several ways
• Zoonotic
• Environmental
• Person-to-person

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Who is at Risk?

• Everyone is at risk
• Young Children
• Pregnant Women
• People with weak Immune systems
• Swimmers, Campers, Hikers, International
  Travelers, Child Care Workers, etc.

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Risk Reducers

• Wash your hands
• Practice safe sex
• Crypto cant be seen on the skin
• Spread through anal-oral path, even if excellent
  hygiene
• Avoid touching animals and their stool
• Get pets tested
• Avoid swallowing water in public swimming areas
  and hot tubs
• Wash and cook food thoroughly
• Heat kills
• Avoid unpasteurized dairy products
• Wash fruits and vegetables with filtered water
• Drink safe water
• Avoid drinking unfiltered tap water
• All Crypto outbreaks in America were in areas
  that met current federal standards for acceptable
  water quality

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Questions??