Introduction to Security Administration

1
Introduction to Security Administration

• Unit Five (5)
• Explosive Devices, Bomb Threats, and Search
  Procedures (118-122 Q122)
• Fire Prevention, Detection, and Response
  (124-127 Q128)
• Hazardous Materials
• Protection Officers and Emergency Response
• Legal and Operational Considerations (133-136
  Q137)

• LAE 275
• Oakton Community College

2
Explosive Devices, Bomb Threats, and Search
Procedures (118-122 Q122)
3
Why Do PeopleMake Bomb Threats?

• Knowledgeable caller wants to minimize personal
  injury or property damage
• The caller simply wants to create panic and
  anxiety to disrupt operations

4
Motivations (p 118)

• Broken interpersonal relationships
• Revenge for perceived wrongs
• Attempts at financial gains through insurance
• Theological disputes
• Ideological disputes
• Territorial disputes
• Mental instability

5
What Does an Explosion Do?

• An explosion is the sudden and rapid escape of
  gases from a confined space, accompanied by high
  temperatures, violent shock wave, and loud noise.

6
There are three triggeror detonator devices
(p119)

• Electronic
• Chemical
• Mechanical

7
Low Explosives High Explosives (p 118)

• Based on the speed it reacts and converts to gas
• Low Explosives
• Slower reaction speed, tend to create a pushing
  effect as the pressure wave expands
• High Explosives
• Expand so quickly that it creates a pressure wave
  that is likely to shatter objects as it expands

8
What Are Some Characteristics of Letter or
Package Bombs?

• Some characteristics may apply to innocent items
• Sender unknown to addressee
• No return address
• Addressee not expecting package
• Incorrect title, address or spelling

9
What Are Some Characteristics of Letter or
Package Bombs?

• Address title without name
• Wrong title with name
• Handwritten or poorly written address
• Misspelling of common words

10
What Are Some Characteristics of Letter or
Package Bombs?

• Return address and postmark dissimilar
• Excessive postage
• Postage put on by hand
• Special handling instructions
• Restrictive markings

11
What Are Some Characteristics of Letter or
Package Bombs?

• Strange odors
• Protruding wires or metal
• Visual distractions
• Arrived before/after call to addressee to open
  package

12
What Are Some Characteristics of Letter or
Package Bombs?

• Excessive securing material
• Oddly shaped or unevenly weighted
• Bulky, lumpy or rigid envelopes
• Lopsided or uneven envelopes
• Oily stains or discoloration

13

• Handling Bomb Threats (p 119)

14
Handling Bomb Threats

• Bomb threats are serious because they can result
  in
• injury and death
• structural damage
• interrupt business operations
• unnecessary financial losses

15
What Are Some Ways of Sending a Written Threat?

• Through the U.S. mail or delivery service (UPS
  FedEx)
• Fax or Email
• Note left in an office
• Written on a bathroom wall

16
Written Threats (p 120)

• Retain all packing, shipping, and content
  materials
• Put down in the nearest dry and flat surface and
  dont touch anymore then needed
• Report the threat to the proper authorities and
  be specific with the exact location
• Advise of specific time, location, or other
  reference if known

17
What Are Some Ways of Sending a Verbal Threat?

• By telephone the most common
• Face to Face Threat
• Through a third person (e.g. Street Person)
• A tape-recording

18
What Should I Do IfI Receive A Bomb Threat Call?

• Time date of the call
• Write down the exact words
• Keep in mind you need to answer later
• When, Where, What, Why, How
• Callers demeanor tone of voice (accent)
• Age, race, sex, anything unusual

19
What Should I Do IfI Receive A Bomb Threat Call?

• Keep caller on line Dont interrupt
• Record/write exact words of caller
• Ask for location and time of detonation
• Inform caller building occupied and could result
  in death or injury to innocent parties

20
What Should I Do IfI Receive A Bomb Threat Call?

• Listen for background noises
• Listen closely to the voice
• Report threat to police
• Follow instructions of police
• Remain available for interview

21
What Should I Do IfI Receive A Bomb Threat Call?

• Bomb Threat Checklist Form

22
What Should I Do After I Receive the Bomb Threat?

• Contact notify a supervisor
• Contact notify the police
• Assess the situation How real is the threat?
• Decide to evacuate or not

23
What Should I Do After I Receive the Bomb Threat?

• The police will not conduct the search without
  security or maintenance people with them
• They dont know the layout and what is and is not
  suspicious
• Unless something is found, they will leave
  evacuation up to building management

24
How Do I Know When A Threat Is Real?

• Difficult at best
• Easier to make decision if suspect item is
  present
• Threats are more difficult
• Report ALL threats to police
• Rely on decision of police

25
Prevention and Mitigation (p 121)

• Some steps can be taken to lessen the threat
• Deterrence
• Well designed entrance/exit routes
• Officer doing container inspections
• Secure equipment and storage rooms
• CCTV monitoring to document arrival, departure,
  and movement of people

26
Prevention and Mitigation (p 121)

• Design and Use Considerations (Standoff space)
• Routes of vehicles
• Unsearched containers
• Freight
• The distance is usually determined by the level
  of the perceived threat

27
Prevention and Mitigation (p 121)

• Design and Use Considerations (Standoff space)
• Materials that are blast ballistic resistant
• Window film
• Concrete pots
• Walls
• Post
• Furniture arrangement (desk for example)

28
How Can A Bomb BeBrought Into Our Building?

• Limited only by imagination
• On the person of worker, visitor, etc
• In a purse, handbag, lunchbox, etc
• Via Postal Service, express courier
• In a truck, car, bicycle, etc

29
What Does ABomb Look Like?

• Can be constructed of anything
• Stereotypical bomb is nonexistent
• Common denominator is they are constructed to
  explode
• Most are homemade
• Limited by imagination/resources

30
Where Can ABomb Be Placed?

• Any location that is unlocked, not under
  surveillance or unsupervised
• restrooms
• elevators
• unoccupied spaces
• HVAC ducts

31
What Do I DoIf I Find A Suspected Bomb?

• DO NOT TOUCH OR MOVE!
• A tamper switch may be attached
• Keep others away
• Notify police and your supervisor IMMEDIATELY
• Follow police instructions

32
Search Methods

• STOP LOOK LISTEN
• Search the public areas inside the building first
• Search the immediate areas outside and around the
  building
• Search rooms and offices from the floor to 4
  feet up again at eye level then again from
  eye level to ceiling
• Mark the rooms/offices searched
• DO NOT TOUCH OR MOVE ANYTHING

33
What Should You Have In Place?

• drills A bomb threat plan of action
• Critical incident teams established
• A Critical Incident Manual
• All phone numbers you may need
• Evacuation routes clearly marked
• Evacuation assembly area established
• Evacuation

34
So what are you going to do when you find this
in a waste basket?
35
Fire Prevention, Detection, and Response (p 124)

• Environmental Health and Safety

36
What is Fire (p 124)

• An extremely rapid conversion from one state to
  another

37
FIRE TRIANGLEFire Requires

• OXYGEN
• HEAT
• FUEL

38
Fire

• The first recorded attempts to controlthe
  ravages of fire took place about300 BC
• The battle of fire prevention continues,fire is
  a destructive force
• loss of LIFE
• loss of PROPERTY
• loss of PROFITS
• Fires are classified by the type of fuel they
  burn

39
Employee Emergency Action PlanMandatory Program
Elements

• Escape routes/procedures
• Procedures to be followed by employees who must
  remain in building to operate critical equipment
• Procedures to account for employees after
  evacuation
• Rescue and medical duty assignments

40
Employee Emergency Action PlanMandatory Program
Elements

• Preferred means of reporting fires and other
  emergencies
• Contact persons
• Alarm systems
• Training
• Warnings

41
Employee Emergency Action Plan Suggested Program
Elements

• Fire suppression equipment and protective
  systems to control various types of fires
• Names and job titles of people responsible for
  maintenance of fire equipment
• Training

• List of potential workplace fire hazards
• Personnel responsible for controlling fire
  hazards
• Proper handling and storage procedures to control
  hazards
• Potential ignition sources
• Maintenance and housekeeping

42
Fire Prevention

• Why do fires start in the first place?

43
Definitions

• Low-hazard contents - low combustibility, not
  self-propagating (self-igniting)
• Ordinary-hazard contents - liable to burn but not
  poisonous or explosive
• High-hazard contents - liable to burn, including
  poisonous fumes or gases

44
APPROVED SURGE PROTECTOR

• SURGE PROTECTORS ARE THE ONLY APPROVED MEANS OF
  MULTIPLYING A RECEPTACLE

45
UNAPPROVED EXTENSION CORD

• SOME PARTS OF THIS EXTENSION CORD ARE APPROVED
• THE PROBLEM IS THAT IT IS NOT APPROVED AS A UNIT
  

46
UNAPPROVED POWER STRIP

• THIS POWER STRIP IS NOT APPROVED TO BE USED AS AN
  EXTENSION CORD

47
The NFPA

• Purpose To promote the science and improve
  the methods of fire protection, to obtain and
  circulate information on this subject, and to
  secure cooperation in matters of common interest
• In the late 1800s, fire was a major safety and
  economic issue
• Developed National Fire Codes (NFC)
• OSHA adopted some NFC codes

48
Three Important Organizations

• Created during the 19th century, these three
  organizations exerted a profound effect on the
  standardization of fire protection and prevention
  practices
• The Factory Mutual System
• founded in 1835
• The Underwriters Laboratory Inc.
• founded in 1835
• The National Fire Protection Association
• founded in 1896

49
DO YOU KNOW???

• Where the nearest fire alarm station is?
• Where the nearest fire extinguisher is?
• Where the primary exit is?
• Where the secondary exit is?
• Where your emergency procedures manual is?...

50
THERE IS A FIRE!
WHAT DO I DO?

• Upon discovering a fire, immediately sound the
  building fire alarm and/or alert other occupants
• From outside of the building, dial 911, provide
  your name, location where you will meet the fire
  department and the location of the fire and
  intensity

51
FIRE EVACUATE

• Always follow the internal policies that are
  in place Generally the policy is to evacuate
  the area where a fire occurs regardless of the
  amount or cost of equipment that may be lost

52
FIRE!

• When you evacuate, do not stop for personal
  belongings or records. Leave immediately using
  the nearest exit stairways, not the elevators
• Evacuate to the designated evacuation site for
  the building and out of the way of emergency
  personnel

53
R.A.C.E. Fire Safety/Evacuation (p 135)

• R REMOVE ALL PERSONS IN DANGER!
• A ALWAYS PULL THE ALARM AND CALL THE FIRE
  DEPARTMENT.
• C CONTAIN THE FIRE BY CLOSING THE WINDOWS AND
  DOORS.
• E EXTINGUISH THE FIRE ONLY IF YOU ARE
  TRAINED AND CONFIDENT

54
FIRE!

• DO NOT return to the building until instructed to
  do so by Fire Dept.
• Notify either the police or firefighters on the
  scene if you suspect someone may be trapped
  inside the building

55
How to Decide to Fight a Fire

• Never fight a fire if . . .
• You dont know what is burning
• It is spreading rapidly
• You dont have the appropriate equipment
• Your instincts tell you not to
• there is a chance that you might inhale toxic
  smoke
• It could block your escape route

56
If You Decide to Fight a Fire

• Be sure the Fire Department has been called.
• Do not endanger yourself or others
• ALWAYS position yourself with an exit or means of
  escape at your back before you attempt to fight
  a fire

57
A General Fire Fighting Plan

• All personnel must be familiar with fire fighting
  facilities and alarms
• When a fire alarm sounds, any fire hydrants in
  use that are tied into the fire pump system must
  be shut off
• When a fire is discovered, it is vital for help
  to be summoned immediately

58
Turning in a General Alarm

• Method One
• Building/Plant-wide telephone system, if
  available
• To report a fire, dial the number specified by
  the work site safety plan
• All phones should have a sticker listing the
  plant emergency numbers for fire, ambulance, and
  police

59
Fire Fighting Responsibilities

• Team Leader
• Responsible for directing fire fighting in their
  areas
• One team leader shall assume fire-fighting
  responsibilities
• When fire fighting personnel reach the scene, the
  fire-directing team leader must direct them

60
Fire Fighting Responsibilities

• Operating Personnel
• Operators in fire areas must stay in their own
  area to help fight the fire and shut down
  equipment as needed
• Lab Personnel
• Control Room Operators
• Tankyard Operators
• Utility Operators
• Maintenance Personnel

61
CLASSIFICATION OF FUELS FIRES

• Class A Ordinary combustible material
  (wood, cloth, paper)
• Class B Flammable liquids, combustible
  liquids, flammable gases
• Class C Electrical
• Class D Metals (Magnesium, titanium)

62
EXTINGUISHER TYPES

• WATER
• MULTI-PURPOSE DRY CHEMICAL
• CO2
• HALON

63
Class A Extinguisher

• Class A Fires
• Extinguish these fires by
• using heat absorbing (cooling) chemicals that
  retard combustion
• interrupting the combustion chain reaction
• Common extinguisher contents
• high pressure water
• high pressure water solution

64
Class B Extinguishers

• Class B Fires
• Extinguish these fires by
• excluding oxygen (air)
• inhibiting the release of combustible vapors
• interrupting the combustion chain reaction
• Common extinguisher contents
• dry powder chemical (s)

65
Class C Extinguishers

• Class C Fires
• Extinguish these fires by
• using nonconductive extinguishing agents
• de-energizing electrical equipment and then
  treating the fire like a Class A or Class B fire
• Common extinguisher contents
• the same as those for Class A and B fires

66
Class D Extinguishers

• Class D Fires
• Extinguish these fires by
• using a heat-absorbing extinguishing medium that
  does not react with the burning metal
• Common extinguisher contents
• different dry powders that are effective for
  different kinds of combustible metals

67
Using a Fire Extinguisher

• Use the P.A.S.S. system
• P -- pull the pin
• A -- aim at the base
• of the fire
• S -- squeeze the handle
• S -- sweep the stream
• back and forth
• Extinguishers do not last very long, so if the
  fire is too large to fight, dont fight it!...

68
Maintain Adequate Means of Egress

• A Brief History of Fire-Related Fatalities
  Associated with Inadequate Means of Egress to
  Building Exits

69
Trigger Events

• Most fire safety codes were developedas a
  result of significant loss of life
• Rhoades Opera House
• Boyertown PA - 1903
• Lakeview Grammar School
• Collinwood,OH 1908

70
Maintain Adequate Means of Egress

• Iroquois Theater Fire
• Chicago, Illinois - Dec. 30, 1903
• Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire
• New York, New York - March 25, 1911
• Happy Land Social Club
• Bronx, New York - March 25, 1990
• Kader Industrial Toy Company
• Bangkok, Thailand - May 10, 1993

71
Others

• 165 people were killed at the Beverly Hills
  Supper Club in Kentucky.
• The worst was in 1942, when 491 people died at a
  Boston dance hall.
• 100 died in a Rhode Island nightclub the fire
  was started by a rock band
• 6 died in the stairwell of the Cook County
  building in Chicago

72
Fundamental Requirements

• Every building designed for human occupancy
• must be constructed, arranged, equipped,
  maintained, and operated to allow time to escape
  in case of fire or other emergency

73
Fundamental Requirements

• Every building must have sufficient exits that
  are
• well-maintained with no obstructions
• never locked or blocked
• illuminated and clearly and conspicuously
  marked

74
Means of Egress

• A continuous and unobstructed way of exit
  consisting of three parts
• the pathway to the exit (access)
• the exit itself
• the pathway from the exit (discharge)
• Includes vertical and horizontal ways of travel

75
This Way to the Exit!

• Exits must be marked by a readily visible sign
• Every exit sign must be distinctive
• Any doors, passageways, or stairways which are
  not exits must be marked Not an Exit

76
Additional Exit Requirements

• All exits must discharge directly into a street,
  yard, court, or other open space OSHA 29 CFR
  1910.37 (h)
• Draperies or hangings which can hide a door must
  not be placed over doors or other exits OSHA 29
  CFR 1910.37 (l)
• Means of egress doors must open out from a
  building OHSA 29 CFR 1910.37 (f) (2) NFPA
  101.5-2.1.4

77
Definitions

• Exit Access - the part of the means of egress
  that leads to an entrance or exit
• Exit - provides a protected way of travel to the
  exit discharge

78
Definitions

• Exit Discharge - the part of the means of
  egress between the termination of an exit and a
  public way (street, yard, etc.)

79
PROTECTION OFFICERS AND EMERGENCY RESPONSE

• LEGAL AND OPERATIONAL CONSIDERATIONS (p 133)

80
Protection Officer Responsibilities (p 133)

• Fire prevention
• Asset prevention
• Policy enforcement
• Access control
• General Safety
• Monitoring property
• Medical emergencies
• Sick injured people

81
Good Samaritan Law (p 133)

• Negligence
• Conduct that falls below the standard of
  behavior established by law for the protection of
  others against unreasonable risk of harm. A
  person has acted negligent if he has departed
  from the conduct expected of a reasonable prudent
  person under similar circumstances

82
Good Samaritan Law (p 133)

• Illinois Law

83
Medical Emergencies (p 134)

• Quick Emergency Medical Response
• Check the scene for dangers to responding
  security personnel
• Call for assistance (911)
• Care for the victim

84
Any Questions?

• Thank You!