Biology 172 Chapter 37 Plant Nutrition

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Biology 172Chapter 37Plant Nutrition
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Figure 37.0 Hyacinth
Plant and Soil Relationship
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Figure 37.1 The uptake of nutrients by a plant
an overview
Nutrient Uptake in Plants
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Figure 37.2 Using hydroponic culture to identify
essential nutrients
Determination of Nutrient Needs
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Table 37.1 Essential Nutrients in Plants
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Figure 37.3 Magnesium deficiency in a tomato
plant
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Figure 37.4 Hydroponic farming
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Soil Horizons
A Horizon Topsoil Contains Organic Matter,
Broken Down Rock (Weathered) and Organic
Matter B Horizon Much Less Organic Matter,
Much less Weathered. C Horizon Composed mostly
of Partially Weathered Rock, Serves as
Parent Material for Upper Layers.
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Figure 37.5 Soil horizons
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Figure 37.6 The availability of soil water and
minerals
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Figure 37.7 Poor soil conservation has
contributed to ecological disasters such as the
Dust Bowl
Conservation A Horror Story
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Conservation Sustainable Agriculture

• Nutrients Fertilizers
• Organic
• Inorganic
• Organic Matter
• Irrigation
• Erosion Control
• Phytoremediation

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Figure 37.8 Contour tillage
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Nitrogen A Special Nutrient

• Nitrogen Fixation Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria
• Convert N2 to NH3
• Nitrogenase
• Ammonium Ion NH4
• Nitrate NO3- Produced in Soil by Nitrifying
  Bacteria That Oxidize Ammonium
• Plants Convert Nitrate to Ammonium
• Denitrifying Bacteria Bad Guys

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Figure 37.9 The role of soil bacteria in the
nitrogen nutrition of plants (Layer 3)
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Nitrogen FixationSymbiotic Bacteria

• Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation
• Rhizobium
• Bacteriods
• Legumes - Nodules
• Agricultural Applications
• Legumes Green Manure
• Other Nitrogen Fixers
• Actinomycetes
• Azolla, Anabaena, Rice

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Figure 37.10 Root nodules on legumes
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Figure 37.10x Nodules
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Figure 37.11 Development of a soybean root nodule
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Figure 37.12 Crop rotation and green manure
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Figure 37.13 Molecular biology of root nodule
formation
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Mycorrhizae
Fungus Root Increases Absorption of Water and
Nutrients, Particularly Phosphorus Ectomycorrhizae
Endomycorrhizae Agricultural Importance
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Figure 37.14 Mycorrhizae
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Parasitic Plants

• Mistletoe
• Dodder
• Indian Pipe

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Figure 37.15a Parasitic plants Cross section of
dodder
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Figure 37.15b Parasitic plants Indian pipe
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Carnivorous Plants

• Grow in Bogs
• Acid Soils
• Deficient in Nitrogen and Phosphorus
• Produce Food by Photosynthesis
• Secure Nitrogen and Phosphorus From Prey

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Figure 37.16 Carnivorous plants Venus fly trap
(left), pitcher plant (right)
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Figure 37.16x Sundew with fruit fly