Voss, Barbara L.

1
Voss, Barbara L. 2006 Engendered Archaeology
Men, Women, and Others. In Historical
Archaeology, edited by Martin Hall and Stephen W.
Silliman, pp. 107-127. Oxford Wiley-Blackwell.
Hurdy Gurdy Girls (J. Rosse Brown 1863)
2
Sex generally used to refer specifically to
biological differences between males/females   Ge
nder cultural construction of mens and
womens roles and identities (Voss 2006107).
3
Case Study Discuss
Spectors study of the Dakota village at Little
Rapids exemplifies the importance of
intersectionality the ways that gender is
intertwined with race, ethnicity, class, age,
sexuality, nationality, and other vectors of
social differentiation (Voss 2006111).
4
ON THE TOPIC OF INTERSECTIONALITY, four topics
where gender has become central to research in
historical archy (colonization, Victorian
America, the African Diaspora, and institutions).
e.g., in terms of colonization, Deagan drew
attention to the fact that indigenous women at
Spanish St. Augustine (where Spanish and French
colonization began in 1513) should be credited
with contributions to colonial culturea radical
departure from previous archaeological research
which tended to emphasize the accomplishments
and practices of adult European men (Voss
2006112).
St. Augustine Online Exhibit (FL Museum of
Natural History) http//www.flmnh.ufl.edu/staugus
tine/intro.htm
The members of the 1565 expedition came equipped
with Spanish pottery for the table, but soon
turned to Indian pottery for cooking. Columbia
Plain "gunmetal" majolica escudilla, SA36-4
Yayal Blue on White majolica bowl SA34-2
Isabella Polychrome rim fragment, Seville blue on
blue plate fragments SA26-1-128 Columbia plain
rim. Diameter of the Columbia Plain "gunmetal"
escudilla is 11cm.).
5
  Historical archaeology has demonstrated that
gender identities are DUALLY shaped both in daily
practice and by institutional forcesand has
brought to the forefront the vital connections
between gender and other aspects of social
identity such as race, class, ethnicity, and
occupation (Voss 2006119).
Women Miners Carrying Coal, Vincent van Gogh (30
March 1853 29 July 1890).
6
Taking gender as a useful category of
archaeological analysis does have one hazard a
tendency to isolate the experiences of men,
women, and others in our interpretations of the
past. While recognizing difference and division,
archaeologists must also consider how the lived
experiences of all members of a social group
intertwine (Voss 2006123).
By 1861, the Victorian goldfields were far from
being exclusively or even predominantly male
preserves (Lawrence 200038).
7
Crist, Thomas 2005 Babies in the Privy
Prostitution, Infanticide, and Abortion in New
Yorks Five Points District. Historical
Archaeology, 39(1)19-46.
Five Points, New York, 1827, George Catlin
8
Two neonates and one fetus at 12 Orange Street in
Five Points represent a microcosm in the tragedy
that often accompanies life in antebellum New
York City. The (in situ) context reflects at
least two deliberate attempts to conceal the
deaths of these immature individuals (Crist
200538).
9
Hattori, Eugene 1998 And Some of them Swear Like
Pirates Acculturation of American Indian Women
in Late Nineteenth-Century Virginia City. In
Comstock Women The Making of a Mining Community,
edited by Ronald M. James and C. Elizabeth
Raymond, pp.229-245. Reno, NV University of
Nevada Press.
A group of Native Americans play cards in the
heart of Virginia City. ca. 1880. Courtesy of the
Fourth Ward School Museum.
10
Mid-nineteenth-century Euro-American settlement
of western Nevada was destructive to the
traditional economy of theaboriginal
inhabitants. Faced with displacement from their
homeland and almost certain starvation, some
Northern Paiute Indians modified their
traditional lifestyles and created a distinctive,
urban ethic group within Virginia Citys
cosmopolitan population (Hattori 1998229).
Chief Winnemucca. Chief of the Paiutes. He was
also called Poito. Original Title from NARA
Winnemucca (The Giver), a Paviotso or Paiute
chief of western Nevada, 1880 his daughter,
Sarah Winnemucca, wrote a book highlighting the
plight of the Indian people.
11
(No Transcript)
12
Spude, Catherine Holder 2005 Brothels and
Saloons An Archaeology of Gender in the American
West. Historical Archaeology, 39(1)89-106. 
13
"For children teething. Greatly facilitates the
process of Teething, by softening the gums,
reducing all inflammation will allay ALL PAIN
and spasmodic action, and is SURE TO REGULATE THE
BOWELS. Depend on it, Mothers, it will give rest
to yourselves and RELIEF AND HEALTH TO YOUR
INFANTS. Sold by all chemists
1887 ad for Mrs. Winslows Soothing Syrup bottle
from late 19th century logging camp in the
eastern Sierras, Tahoe National Forest. This
nostrum contained alcohol morphine (removed
from the market in the 1930s).
14
While nothing new may be learned that has not
been discussed by historians, the arch record
does help archaeologists distinguish between
saloons and brothels (Spude 2005103).
Prostitutes in a French brothel, 1894 by
Toulouse-Lautrec Meeker County, Colorado Saloon,
1899.
15
D Street Red Light District
1875 Birdseye View of Virginia City, Nevada
16
Gender Patterning in the American Wests
Archaeological Record
Male suspender clasps, tobacco pipes, pocket
knives Female corset stays, garter snaps,
perfume bottles Children toys, diaper pins
Based on Don Hardestys chapter in Those of
Little Note, edited by Elizabeth Scott.
17
Gender Patterning in the American Wests
Archaeological Record
Based on Don Hardestys chapter in Those of
Little Note, edited by Elizabeth Scott.
18
Gender Patterning in the American Wests
Archaeological Record
Based on Don Hardestys chapter in Those of
Little Note, edited by Elizabeth Scott photo
from Won Ho Luen An American Chinatown 1987397.
19
Based on Don Hardestys chapter in Those of
Little Note, edited by Elizabeth Scott 1994.
20
Gleim Building, 265 Front Street, Missoula
This classically-styled brick building served as
the headquarters for Mary Gleims bordello
businesses along Front Street from the early
1890s to approximately 1914. Through its
lifetime, businesses located here included the
Pullman Pool Hall (1929), Carroll Nash Cigars
(1932), and the Hawthorne Club, a 1940s jazz
club. (Historic Missoula Downtown Walking Tour)
This building is an excellent example of
Romanesque Revival architecture with its arched
windows, brick pilasters, checkerboard banding
and granite sills
21
Coloma Mining Community
Chamberlain House, 1897-1898, Coloma BLM MT
Histl Society Hilma Hanson Kimball collection
Coloma 1930s, BLM.
22
1st Wave of FEMINIST THEORY
Critique of sexist claims of biologically-determ
ined male dominance and female subordination
Spencer-Wood 2003246 Photo from Discover News
six-foot tall woman with a shield and a knife
discovered in Anglo-Saxon cemetery in
Lincolnshire England (body and artifacts date to
500-600 A.D.) suggests that more women than
previously believed may have fought alongside men
during turbulent years after Englands Roman
period
23
2nd Wave of FEMINIST THEORY
STRUCTURALIST/ESSENTIALIST THEORY sociocultural
structures maintain/enforce a universal IDEOLOGY
of different power in gender relations
Spencer-Wood 2003246, 247 Deagan and MacMahon
199616
24
3rd Wave of FEMINIST THEORY
Marxist feminism MEN (as a class) benefit from
the unpaid domestic labor of women.
Spencer-Wood 2003246, 247 Deagan and MacMahon
199616 cheese production, 1850s
25
4th Wave of FEMINIST THEORY
post-Modern Feminist Theory part of critique
against structuralist gender constructions
women seen as social actors as much as men
Spencer-Wood in Orser 2003247 Deagan and
MacMahon 199615
26
5th Wave of FEMINIST THEORY
post-Modern Marxist Feminist Theory REJECT
universal attempts to see gender resistance and
instead use CONTEXT to analyze how certain
groups of women resisted certain situations
Spencer-Wood in Orser 2003247 Deagan and
MacMahon 199615
Deagan and MacMahon 199640