Nazi Movement

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Nazi Movement

• Seeking authority
• Prejudice
• Anti-Semitism
• Authoritarian
• Personality

• Obedience to authority
• Milgram experiment
• Eichmann?

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The Scar of RacePaul Sniderman Thomas
Piazza1993
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Scar of Race

• Studied Americans attitudes about ethnic
  minorities.
• Used data from several national surveys in 1980s
  1990s.

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Authoritarian Personality

• T. Adorno, E. Frenkel-Brunswik, D. Levinson, R.
  Nevitt Sanford
• 1950

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Earlier Studies

• Jean-Paul Sartre Anti-Semite Jew
• Erich Fromm Escape from Freedom

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Personality Syndrome

• Sense of insecurity vulnerability
• Submission to identification with threatening
  in-group authorities
• Source of threat shifted to out-group
• Projection of negative traits ? out-group
• Displacement of aggression ? out-group

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Study Design

• Scales to measure facets of authoritarian
  syndrome
• Surveys of target groups
• Clinical-style interviews
• Projective tests

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Survey Scales

• A-S Anti-Semitism
• E Ethnocentrism
• PEC Political Economic Conservatism
• F potential for Fascism
• A-S, E PEC measure manifest attitudes
• F measures latent personality organization

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Hypothesis

• If A-S, E, PEC all positively correlated with
  F, then form syndrome

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F SaclePotential for Fascism Scale

• 9 Sub-Scales
• Each measuring a facet of authoritarian
  syndrome

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Conventionalism

• A rigid adherence to conventional, middle-class
  values
• Obedience and respect for authority are the most
  important virtues children should learn.
• The businessman and manufacturer are much more
  important to society than the artist and the
  professor

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Authoritarian Submission

• A submissive, uncritical attitude toward
  idealized moral authorities of the in-group.
• Young people sometimes get rebellious ideas, but
  as they grow up they ought to get over them and
  settle down.
• Science has its place, but there are many
  important things that can never possibly be
  understood by the human mind

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Authoritarian Aggression

• A tendency to be on the lookout for, and to
  condemn, reject, and punish people who violate
  conventional values
• Sex crimes, such as rape and attacks on children
  deserve more than mere imprisonment such
  criminals ought to be publicly whipped, or worse.
• If people would talk less and work more,
  everybody would be better off.

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Projectivity

• A disposition to believe that wile and dangerous
  things go on in the world the projection of
  unconscious emotional impulses.
• Wars and social troubles may someday be ended by
  an earthquake or flood that will destroy the
  whole world.
• Nowadays when so many different kinds of people
  move around and mix together so much, a person
  has to protect himself especially carefully
  against catching an infection or disease from
  them.

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Sex

• Exaggerated concern with sexual goings-on.
• The wild sex life of the old Greeks and Romans
  was tame compared to some of the goings-on in
  this country, even in places where people might
  least expect it.
• Homosexuals are hardly better than criminals and
  ought to be severely punished.

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Power and Toughness

• A preoccupation with the dominance-submission,
  strong-weak, leader-follower dimension
  identification with power figures.
• People can be divided into two distinct classes
  the weak and the strong.
• Most people dont realize how much our lives are
  controlled by plots hatched in secret places.

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Destructiveness Cynacism

• A generalized hostility vilification of the
  human
• Human nature being what it is, there will always
  be war and conflict.
• Familiarity breeds contempt.

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Superstition Stereotypy

• The belief in mystical determinants of the
  individuals fate, the disposition to think in
  rigid categories.
• Some day it will probably be shown that astrology
  can explain a lot of things.
• Some people are born with an urge to jump from
  high places.

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Anti-Introception

• An opposition to the subjective, the imaginative,
  the tender-minded.
• When a person has a problem or worry, it is best
  for him not to think about it, but to keep busy
  with more cheerful things.
• Nowadays more and more people are prying into
  matters that should remain personal and private.

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Evidence for Syndrome

• Factor analysis of F-scale items found one factor
• No evidence sub-scales form separate factors
• F-scale items have high reliability inter-item
  correlations

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Evidence for Syndrome

• A-S with F r .53
• E with F r .65
• PEC with F r .57

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Theory

• Parents status anxiety
• authoritarian parenting (rigid harsh)
• identification with aggressor
• projection of bad qualities
• displacement of hostility toward
• out-groups

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Authoritarianism, SES Education

• Strong correlation of F-scale score with
  education
• Authoritarianism may be the world-view of the
  uneducated in western industrial societies.
• Or product of status anxiety?

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Critique

• Sampling purposive samples of people in
  organizations
• joiners differ from non-joiners
• Item wording all positively-phrased
• Yea-sayers vs. Nay-sayers
• Interviewers coders knew study hypotheses