Climate Change impact on Pastoralist Security

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Climate Change impact on Pastoralist Security
Food/Livelihood and Conflict - in the Horn of
Africa

• Presented by
• Hon Ali Wario
• AU Specialist Task Force,
• Pastoral Policy Framework for Africa
• Date January 20, 2009
• Location Paris France

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Pastoral and Agro-pastoral Areas
Estimated number of people involved in the
pastoral economy in Africa gt100,000,000
Morocco
Libya
Algeria
Mauritania
Mali
Eritrea
Senegal
Niger
Chad
Sudan
Djibouti
Burkina Faso
Nigeria
Guinea
Ethiopia
Cameroun
Somalia
Uganda
Kenya
Tanzania
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Overview of Climate change Impact on Pastoralism
in the Horn of Africa

• Climate change has a direct impact on the food
  and
• livelihood security of pastoralists in the Horn
  of
• Africa.
• Recurrent climatic shocks drought and
• floods leads to
• Competition for land and other natural resources
• Conflict for scarce resources and pasture and
  livestock

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Conflict, Climate Change and Pastoralism

• The pressure on scarce resources like water and
  pasture has become the trigger of most conflicts
  in pastoral regions of Africa
• Desertification has added significantly to the
  stress on the livelihoods of pastoralist
  societies causing armed conflict for vanishing
  resources as grazing land.

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Climate change, Pastoralism and Adaptation

• Droughts are not new among pastoralists in the
  arid and semi arid lands in the Horn of Africa.
• Unfortunately, many of the strategies that have
  served drought affected communities well are
  becoming inadequate in light of the frequent
  occurrences/protracted droughts and the other
  extreme of floods and mudslides

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Climate change and Food and Livelihood Insecurity
(Poverty)

• Pastoral poverty has special characteristics
• linked to climatic variability. What
• characterizes both poor and rich Pastoralists
• is vulnerability a major drought or animal
• disease outbreak can reduce a rich
• Pastoralist to destitution in a few days.

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Climate Change and Insecurity in Pastoral Areas
in the Horn Making the links

• The frequency of drought pastoralists reduced
  coping mechanism the socio-economic
  marginalization of pastoralists major stresses
  on pastoral livelihood
• Lack of rains or unpredictable rains lack of
  resources as water lack of pasture
  struggle for resources demand for arms to
  protect resources and desperate measures to
  restock lost livelihood cattle rustling

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FACTORS COMPOUNDING THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE
ON PASTORALISM IN THE HORN OF AFRICA

• Wrong perception of Pastoralism as unsustainable
  livelihood in the Horn of Africa
• A long history of economic and social
  marginalization from central authority
• Encroachment of pastoral areas for other
  development activities tourism, wild life, sand
  harvesting, mining..
• Proliferation of small arms and poor
  implementation of disarmament programmes due
  conflicts in the region.
• Kenya- Uganda, Kenya-Ethiopia and Kenya-Sudan
  Border Arena for a variety of low intensity
  conflicts, some of which are linked to wider
  cross-border and regional conflicts cattle
  rustling, competition over resources

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Regional Initiatives

• UN-OCHA Partnership with pastoralist to mitigate
  the humanitarian impact of Climate change I will
  be chairing consultations by the UN Regional
  office for Central and East Africa (OCHA) on the
  current and future humanitarian impact of climate
  change on pastoralists in the region including
  best way to support pastoralists adaptation to
  reduce these impacts.
• AFRICAN UNION PASTORAL POLICY FRAMEWORK FOR AFRICA

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AFRICAN UNION PASTORAL POLICY FRAMEWORK FOR
AFRICA

• A policy initiative for protecting lives,
  securing livelihoods and building sustainable
  communities in pastoral areas of Africa.
• Addressing the root causes of social, economic
  and political insecurities in pastoralist
  communities.

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Institutional Partnerships for a Policy Framework

• African Union Department of Rural Economy and
  Agriculture / Inter-African Bureau for Animal
  Resources (AU-IBAR)
• UN OCHA Regional Office for Central and East
  Africa
• Pastoralists and their organizations
• Key to success is Pastoralists participation in
  formulation of a policy framework

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The Pastoral Policy Framework Process
6. AU Political Organs adopt Framework (AU Summit
July 2010)
5. Drafting of Policy Framework
4. Regional/Continental Stakeholder Consultations
3. Assessment and Analysis of Pastoral Issues
2. Inception and Planning Workshops ?
1. Development of Concept Note ?
Source AU-IBAR
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Key Issues and Agenda for Consultations

• Climate change adaption
• Governance
• Access to land
• Education, Science and Technology
• Access to markets and financial services
• Reduction of conflict
• Poverty, risk and vulnerability
• Genetic resources and livestock development

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